Question

Write short notes to show what you know about:
a) The Gutenberg Press
b) Erasmus's idea of the printed book
c) The Vernacular Press Act​

Answer 1

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BEST OF LUCK FOR YOUR EXAM

Answer 2

$\huge\underline\bold\gray{AɴsᴡᴇR}$

$\red{\bold{\underline{\underline{ᴛʜᴇ\: ɢᴜᴛᴇɴʙᴇʀɢ\: ᴘʀᴇss:-}}}}$

• ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʀsᴛ ᴘʀɪɴᴛɪɴɢ ᴘʀᴇss ᴡᴀs ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴊᴏʜᴀɴ ɢᴜᴛᴇɴʙᴇʀɢ ɪɴ 1430s. ʙʏ 1448 ɢᴜᴛᴇɴʙᴇʀɢ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜɪs sʏsᴛᴇᴍ.

• ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴜᴛᴇɴʙᴇʀɢ ᴘʀᴇss ʜᴀᴅ ᴀ ʟᴏɴɢ ʜᴀɴᴅʟᴇ ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴄʀᴇᴡ. ᴛʜɪs ʜᴀɴᴅʟᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴜsᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴄʀᴇᴡ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʀᴇss ᴅᴏᴡɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʟᴀᴛᴇɴ ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴛɪɴɢ ʙʟᴏᴄᴋ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴡᴀs ᴘʟᴀᴄᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴏᴘ ᴏғ ᴀ sʜᴇᴇᴛ ᴏғ ᴅᴀᴍᴘ ᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ. ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇᴀᴅ ᴍᴏᴜʟᴅs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴜsᴇᴅ ғᴏʀ ᴄᴀsᴛɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʟ ᴛʏᴘᴇs ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇᴛᴛᴇʀs ᴏғ ᴀʟᴘʜᴀʙᴇᴛ.

• ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʀsᴛ ʙᴏᴏᴋ ʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴛᴇᴅ ᴡᴀs ʙɪʙʟᴇ. ʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇᴅ 180 ᴄᴏᴘɪᴇs ᴏғ ʙɪʙʟᴇ ɪɴ 3 ʏᴇᴀʀs. ᴀᴍᴏɴɢ ʜɪs ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀɪʙᴜᴛɪᴏɴs ᴛᴏ ᴘʀɪɴᴛɪɴɢ ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴠᴇɴᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴀ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇss ғᴏʀ ᴍᴀss-ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄɪɴɢ ᴍᴏᴠᴀʙʟᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇ; ᴛʜᴇ ᴜsᴇ ᴏғ ᴏɪʟ-ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ғᴏʀ ᴘʀɪɴᴛɪɴɢ ʙᴏᴏᴋs;ᴀᴅᴊᴜsᴛᴀʙʟᴇ ᴍᴏᴜʟᴅs; ᴍᴇᴄʜᴀɴɪᴄᴀʟ ᴍᴏᴠᴀʙʟᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇ; ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜsᴇ ᴏғ ᴀ ᴡᴏᴏᴅᴇɴ sɪᴍɪʟᴀʀ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀɢʀɪᴄᴜʟᴛᴜʀᴀʟ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴇʀɪᴏᴅ.

$\purple{\bold{\underline{\underline{\:\:\:\:\:\:\:ᴇʀᴀsᴍᴜs’s\: ɪᴅᴇᴀ \:ᴏғ\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:}}}}$$\purple{\bold{\underline{\underline{\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:ᴘʀɪɴᴛᴇᴅ \:ʙᴏᴏᴋ:-\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:}}}}$

• ᴇʀᴀsᴍᴜs ᴡᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀᴛɪɴ sᴄʜᴏʟᴀʀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀ ᴄᴀᴛʜᴏʟɪᴄ ʀᴇғᴏʀᴍᴇʀ. ʜᴇ ᴄʀɪᴛɪᴄɪᴢᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴛɪɴɢ ᴏғ ʙᴏᴏᴋs.

• ʜᴇ ʙᴇʟɪᴇᴠᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪғ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴡᴀs ɴᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟ ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴡʜᴀᴛ ᴡᴀs ᴘʀɪɴᴛᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇᴀᴅ, ɪᴛ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ʀᴇsᴜʟᴛ ɪɴ sᴘʀᴇᴀᴅ ᴏғ ʀᴇʟɪɢɪᴏᴜs ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴀᴅɪᴄᴀʟ ɪᴅᴇᴀs. ʜᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴀғʀᴀɪᴅ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄɪʀᴄᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴏᴏᴋs ᴡɪᴛʜ ʀᴇʙᴇʟʟɪᴏᴜs ɪᴅᴇᴀs.

• ʜᴇ ғᴇʟᴛ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪᴛ ᴍᴀʏ ʙᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴏɴᴇ ʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀɪʙᴜᴛᴇs sᴏᴍᴇᴛʜɪɴɢ ᴡᴏʀᴛʜ ᴋɴᴏᴡɪɴɢ, ʙᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠᴇʀʏ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴛᴜᴅᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇᴍ ɪs ʜᴜʀᴛғᴜʟ ᴛᴏ sᴄʜᴏʟᴀʀsʜɪᴘ.

$\orange{\bold{\underline{\underline{ᴛʜᴇ\: ᴠᴇʀɴᴀᴄᴜʟᴀʀ \:ᴘʀᴇss \:ᴀᴄᴛ: -}}}}$

• ᴇᴀʀʟɪᴇsᴛ ɴᴇᴡsᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ ɪɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ᴡᴀs sᴛᴀʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ʙʀɪᴛɪsʜ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇᴍsᴇʟᴠᴇs. ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜʀsᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ 19ᴛʜ ᴄᴇɴᴛᴜʀʏ, ᴀ ᴘᴏᴡᴇʀғᴜʟ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴ ᴘʀᴇss ɢʀᴇᴡ, ʙᴏᴛʜ ɪɴ ᴇɴɢʟɪsʜ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴ ʟᴀɴɢᴜᴀɢᴇs.

• ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇᴠᴏʟᴛ ᴏғ 1857, ᴛʜᴇ ʙʀɪᴛɪsʜ ᴡᴀɴᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴀᴋᴇ ᴍᴇᴀsᴜʀᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟ ᴛʜᴇᴍ. ᴍᴏᴅᴇʟʟᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɪʀɪsʜ ᴘʀᴇss ʟᴀᴡs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴠᴇʀɴᴀᴄᴜʟᴀʀ ᴘʀᴇss ᴀᴄᴛ ᴡᴀs ᴘᴀssᴇᴅ ɪɴ 1878. ᴛʜɪs ʟᴀᴡ ɢᴀᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ʀɪɢʜᴛs ᴛᴏ ᴄᴇɴsᴏʀ ʀᴇᴘᴏʀᴛs ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴅɪᴛᴏʀɪᴀʟs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠᴇʀɴᴀᴄᴜʟᴀʀ ᴘʀᴇss.

• ɪғ ᴀ ‘sᴇᴅɪᴛɪᴏᴜs’ ʀᴇᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴡᴀs ᴘᴜʙʟɪsʜᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇᴡsᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ ᴅɪᴅ ɴᴏᴛ ʜᴇᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀɴ ɪɴɪᴛɪᴀʟ ᴡᴀʀɴɪɴɢ, ᴛʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇss ᴡᴀs sᴇɪᴢᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴛɪɴɢ ᴍᴀᴄʜɪɴᴇʀʏ ᴄᴏɴғɪsᴄᴀᴛᴇᴅ. ᴛʜɪs ᴡᴀs ᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇᴛᴇ ᴠɪᴏʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғʀᴇᴇᴅᴏᴍ ᴏғ ᴇxᴘʀᴇssɪᴏɴ.

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