write short on sigma bond
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In chemistry, sigma bonds (σ bonds) are the strongest type of covalent chemical bond. They are formed by head-on overlapping between atomic orbitals. ... By this definition, common forms of sigma bonds are s+s, pz+pz, s+pz and dz2+dz2 (where z is defined as the axis of the bond or the internuclear axis)
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Answer:
Sigma(σ) Bond
The covalent bond formed by the coaxial overlap of atomic orbitals is called a sigma bond. For example, the methane molecule contains 4 C-H sigma bonding.This type of covalent bond is formed by the overlap of bonding orbitals along the internuclear axis from end to end (head-on). This is called head overlapping or axial overlapping. Any of the following types of combinations of atomic orbitals may form this.
s-s overlapping: In this case, two half - filled s-orbitals are interacting along the internuclear axis, as shown below.
s-p overlapping: This sort of overlap takes place between half - full s-orbitals of one atom and half-full p-orbitals of another.
p–p overlapping: This sort of overlap exists between half - filled p - orbitals of the two atoms that approach.
Source: Vedantu