write six characteristics of the natural vegetation that are found in parts of gujarat and rajasthan
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Answer:
It refers to a plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time (also called as virgin vegetation).
Cultivated crops and fruits, orchards form part of vegetation but not natural vegetation
The virgin vegetation, which are purely Indian are known as endemic or indigenous species but those which have come from outside India are termed as exotic plants.
The term flora is used to denote plants of a particular region or period. The species of animals are referred to as fauna.
Types of Natural Vegetation
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The following are the principal types of natural vegetation in India:
(1) Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests,
(2) Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests,
(3) Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs,
(4) Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation,
(5) Tidal or Mangrove Forests and
#1. Tropical Evergreen Forests
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The tropical evergreen forests usually occur in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of 15 to 30 degrees Celsius.
They occupy about seven per cent of the earth’s land surface and harbours more than half of the world’s plants and animals.
They are found mostly near the equator. Region is warm and wet throughout the year.
Trees reach great heights up to 60 metres or even above.
It has a luxuriant vegetation of all kinds – trees, shrubs, and creepers giving it a multilayered structure.
In India, evergreen forests are found in the western slopes of the Western Ghats in States such as Kerala and Karnataka. They are also found in hills of Jaintia and Khasi. Some of the trees found in Indian Tropical Forests are rosewood, mahogany and ebony. Bamboos and reeds are also common.
Common animals found in these forests are elephants, monkey, lemur and deer. The one horned rhinoceros are found in the jungles of Assam and West Bengal.
#2. Tropical Deciduous Forests:
They are the most widespread forests of India.
Also called the monsoon forests and spread over the region receiving rainfall between 200 cm and 70 cm.
Trees of this forest type shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in dry summer.
On the basis of the availability of water, these forests are further divided into moist and dry deciduous.
Moist deciduous forests: