write some cell organelles and its functions
Answers
Nucleus is main organelle of cell
mitochondria is the power house of cell
cytoplasm, Golgi bodies, cell wall...
are some organelle in cell..
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1.Nucleus
'Control Center' of the cell.
Contains the cell's DNA (genetic information) in the form of genes.
Re.
Nucleic Acids
*Sequestration and *replication of DNA.
*Transcription and *modification of RNA.
Contains one or more nucleoli (plural, singular word = nucleolus) whose functions include:
Nucleoli
Biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and production (assembly) of ribosomes.
2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Consists of many interconnected membranous sacs called cisternae, onto whose external surface ribosomes are attached (distinguishing RER from SER on electron micrographs).
Ribosomes
Produce polypeptides that are then either ...
inserted into the RER membrane, or
moved into the lumen (central region) of the cisternae, or
moved to the Golgi complex and probably onwards from there.
In lumen of cisternae
Produce proteins that are then either ...
retained within vesicles, or
secreted from the cell (via secretory vesicles - see below).
3. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Consists of many interconnected membranous sacs called cisternae (without ribosomes).
Many enzymes are either attached to the surface of the SER or located within its cisternae. Chemical reactions within the SER vary with the type and location of cells. E.g.
helps with protein folding and transport of synthesized proteins
glycosylation - which involves the attachment of oligosaccharides.
disulfide bond formation and rearrangement - to stabilize the tertiary and quaternary structure of many proteins
modification of some drugs e.g. by the cytochrome P450 enzymes in liver cells.
4. Mitochondria
The main function of mitochondria in aerobic cells is the production of energy by synthesis of ATP. However, mitochondria also have many other functions, including e.g.:
Processing and storage of calcium ions (Ca2+).
Apoptosis, i.e. the process of programmed cell death
Regulation of cellular metabolism
Synthesis of certain steroids
See also the structure of mitochondria and the functions of mitochondria.
5. Chloroplasts
(plant cells only)
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis within plant cells.
6. Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages macromolecules for delivery to other organelles or secretion from the cell via exocytosis - see (9.) below.
7. Lysosomes
Lysosomes (tiny sacs containing enzymes) are the main sites of intracellular digestion. They enable the cell to make use of nutrients. Their functions can be listed as:
Autophagy - digestion of materials from within the cell.
Heterophagy - digestion of materials originating from outside the cell.
Biosynthesis - recycling unwanted products of chemical reactions to process materials received from outside the cell.
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