Question

Write some characteristics of constitute assembly?

Answer 1

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Some of the important features of the assembly were as follows:

(i) Each province and each Indian State or group of States were allotted the total number of seats proportional to their respective populations, roughly in the ratio of one to a million.



(ii) The seats in each Province were distributed among the three main communities, Muslim, Sikh and General, in proportion to their respective population.

(iii) They were to be elected by the representatives of each community in their respective Legislative Assemblies by the method of proportional representation with a single transferable vote.

(iv) As a result the Constituent Assembly was to comprise of 389 members. As many as 296 of them were to be elected from British India and 93 of them were to be the representatives of the Native States. The Muslim League boycotted the Assembly, hence, out of 296 members only 211 attended, its first meeting.



(v) The method of selection in the case of representatives of Indian States was to be determined by consultation.

(vi) The Constituent Assembly duly opened on the appointed day, Monday, the 9th day of December, 1946— at 11 O’clock in the morning.

(vii) On the 5th day of the First Session of the Constituent Assembly-December 14, 1946—Jawaharlal Nehru moved the historic Objectives Resolution, which gave to the Assembly, its guiding principles and the philosophy that was to permeate its task of constitution-making.

(viii) The Assembly appointed a Drafting Committee on 29th August, 1947 to consider the Draft Constitution. Dr. Ambedkar was appointed as the Chairman and the committee had six other members.

(xi) The Constituent Assembly had a total of more than 15 Committees with a membership of more than eighty individuals.

(x) The members of the Constituent Assembly included some of the most leading personalities of the Indian public life. The moving spirit of the Assembly was Jawaharlal Nehru and Dr. Rajendra Prasad (who was its president too).

Some other leading figures were Vallabhbhai Patel, G.B. Pant, K.M. Munshi, C. Rajagopalachari, Abul Kalam Azad, T.T. Krishnamachari, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Gopalaswamy-Ayyangar, H.V. Kamath, H.N. Kunzru, K.T. Shah, K. Santhanam, B. Shiva Rao, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Dr. Radhakrishnan etc.

(xi) The Constituent Assembly was able to conclude its labour within a period of less than three years— 2 years, 11 months and 17 days, to be exact. During this period, it had 11 sessions and 165 days of actual work.

(xii) The Draft Constitution had 315 Articles and 13 Schedules, The final form of the Constitution, as it was originally passed in 1949, had 395 Articles and 8 Schedules.



(xiii) Under the Indian Independence Act, the Legislative Council, of which Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar was president, automatically got dissolute and the Constitution became the Supreme Sovereign Legislative body.

(xiv) However, G.V. Mavalankar became the first speaker of the Legislative Assembly.

(xv) The Assembly members applied to their task with great effectiveness, two wholly Indian con­cepts, consensus and accommodation.



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