write some water pollutants.
Answers
Answer:
Water pollution is the pollution of bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, seas, the oceans, as well as groundwater. ... There are many chemicals that are naturally found in these bodies of water. Today water may be polluted by nitrates, phosphates, oil, acid rain, and debris such as sediment, fallen logs and so on.
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Explanation:
1. MICROBIAL
Pathogens can be bacteria, protozoa or viruses. Bacteria, for example, are commonly found in water. However, when they start to increase above safe levels, water contamination occurs. Some examples of microorganisms found in water that cause diseases are Salmonella, Giardia lamlia, Norovirus, Cryptosporidium parvum, and E. coli. High levels of pathogens may result from on-site sanitation systems or inadequately treated sewage discharges. Older cities with aging infrastructure may have leaky sewage collection systems, which can cause sanitary sewer overflows. Pathogen discharges may also be caused by poorly managed livestock operations. The presence of E. coli bacteria usually indicates that water has been contaminated with human or animal waste.
2. ORGANIC MATERIAL
Organic materials are things like petroleum, insecticides and herbicides, detergents, disinfecting cleaners, and prescription drugs. One of the most frequently detected highly toxic organic chemicals is methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE was formerly used as an air-cleaning gas additive. Although it is now a banned chemical, it will take years before it is thoroughly removed from contaminated water systems. Water contaminated with this organic chemical can cause leukemia, lymphoma and tumors in the testicles, thyroid glands and kidneys.
3. INORGANIC MATERIAL
Inorganic materials include things like ammonia, chemical waste, fertilizers, and heavy metals. Heavy metals like arsenic, mercury, copper, chromium, zinc and barium — though harmless in very small amounts, act as pollutants when they end up concentrated in water. This can be due to leaching from waste disposal, increased human activity or industrial accidents. This kind of water pollution, especially in higher concentrations, can cause severe health problems in humans and other organisms, including death.
4. MACROSCOPIC
Macroscopic pollutants are large, visible items in waterways or bodies of water. Trash, either intentionally dumped into bodies of water, or discarded on the ground and washed by rainfall into storm drains, are eventually discharged into waterways. This has led to the formation of the "great Pacific garbage patch," which is now the size of France. Other types of macroscopic pollution include nurdles (small plastic pellets), pieces of wood, and metal. Though it may seem easy enough to manage, time is of the essence. These larger pollutants must be removed in order to avoid disruption of aquatic ecosystems and contamination upon the chemical breakdown of these objects.
5. THERMAL
Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human influence. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. It can also be caused by the release of very cold water from the base of reservoirs into warmer rivers. Elevated water temperatures decrease oxygen levels, which can kill fish and alter food chain composition, and reduce species biodiversity. Urban runoff may also elevate temperature in surface waters.