Write steps involved in micropropogation in plants.
Answers
Stage 0 — Mother Plant Selection:
Before initiation of micro-propagation, selection of suitable mother plant is crucial in the whole exercise of propagation. Generally, disease free mother explant is selected for the micro-propagation to reduce contamination of cultures. Certain growth parameters of mother plant can be improved by pretreatment of mother explant before initiation of cultures.
Stage I — Establishment of Aseptic Culture:
Micro-propagation begins with successful establishment of cultures of selected plant material. The initial steps of micro-propagation are generally associated with several hurdles such as rate of contamination and phenolic exudation. Plant tissues are commonly associated with bacteria and fungus.
Stage II — Multiplication of shoots:
The main objective of the stage II is the multiplication of organs like shoot and increasing their numbers considerably. They are able to give rise to new individual plant.
Stage III — In Vitro Rooting:
Shoots or plantlets obtained during stage II are very small and do not contain roots enable to grow in soil, even fails to utilize soil nutrients. Therefore, adequate steps are taken in stage III to grow individual plantlets that can carry out photosynthesis and survive without external supply of carbohydrate. Therefore, in vitro grown shoots must be transferred to a rooting media.
Stage IV — Transplantation or Hardening:
Once in vitro rooting process completes, plantlets are ready to be transferred from the aseptic tissue culture container into the soil. Immediate transfer of tissue culture plants into soil is detrimental for survival of regenerated plants due to desiccation, infection, and light temperature shock.