write symptoms of submucous fibrosis disease and it's reason
Answers
Explanation:
Symptoms of oral submucous fibrosis include the following : Progressive inability to open the mouth (trismus) due to oral fibrosis and scarring. Oral pain and a burning sensation upon consumption of spicy foodstuffs. Increased salivation.
Answer:
This is a highly potent and chronic pre-cancerous condition that affects various portions of the oral cavity as well as the pharynx. It causes progressive fibrosis of submucosal tissues and juxta-epithelial inflammatory reactions. This disease also leads to fibro-elastic changes in the lamina propria along with epithelial atrophy, which results in stiffness of the oral mucosa. It may become impossible to open to the mouth due to the extreme stiffness of the jaw.
The name of the condition has been derived from the words “oral” (mouth), “submucosal” (below the mucosa or mucus secreting membrane of mouth) and “fibrosis” (scarring and hardening).
ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS INCIDENCE
The disorder can affect people from all over the world. However, its prevalence is higher in places like South Africa, South-East Asia sand Middle East. Both adults and children can develop the condition.
ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS CLASSIFICATION
This condition is clinically categorized into three stages:
STAGE 1: STOMATITIS
In this stage, the mucous membrane of the mouth is inflamed.
STAGE 2: FIBROSIS
This is marked by the development of lesions in the mouth, oral mucosa blanching as well as circular and vertical palpable fibrous patches in and around the mouth. This gives a mottled appearance to the buccal mucosa.
STAGE 3: SEQUELAE OF OSF
It is identified by the presence of Leukoplakia and various speech and hearing difficulty.
There is another group classification system for OSF apart from the above staging system. This second system was developed in the year 1995 by Khanna and Andrade for surgical treatment of trismus. As per this staging system, OSF can be categorized into:
GROUP I
It is the earliest stage of the disorder and does not include any limitations in opening the mouth. Patients having an interincisal distance above 35 mm are included in this group.
GROUP II
It refers to those OSF patients who have an interincisal distance between 26 and 36 mm.
GROUP III
It includes moderately advanced cases where the interincisal distance of the patients is from 15 to 26 mm. These patients have fibrotic bands on the soft palate while anterior pillars of the fauces are also present.
GROUP IVA
Patients in this group have severe trismus and their interincisal distance is less than 15 mm. Extensive fibrosis of the entire oral mucosa is also present.
GROUP IVB
In sufferers included in this group, the condition reaches an extremely advanced stage with the oral mucosa undergoing premalignant and malignant changes.
ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS CAUSES
Hard chewable substances, mainly betel nuts or areca nuts (Areca catechu), have various substances that harm the oral mucosa and destroys its elasticity. Mouth fresheners containing betel nut may also irritate the mucosa if consumed in large amounts. Other causes of this disorder include:
Consumption of excessive amounts of red chilies
Nutritional deficiencies
Extreme climatic conditions
Immunological disorders