Question

Write the advantage of the Rutherford

Answer 1

J.J.Thomson atomic model:
Under study of a particle, many scientists proposed many models in which J.J. Thomson, Rutherford, Bhor and Sommerfield atomic models are peculiar. First revolutionary development on atomic model is that atom can not be divided as it proposed by John Dalton. The main micro particle in an atom that electron which was found by J.J.Thomson. While doing experiment, he observed that cathode rays in cathode ray tube when passing they deflected towards positive plate. First of all, he named them as negative charged particle. Later it was named as electron. 

Thomson, in his atomic model, he imagined that electrons are just like clumps in bread. But, the former student of J.J.Thomson, Rutherford who said that J.J.Thomson atomic model is incorrect. 
Rutherford atomic model:
After J.J. Thomson model, Rutherford proposed an atomic model to give new shape to an atom. In his view, he proposed that a bunch of positive particles concentrated in the nucleus of the atom surrounded by swirling ring of electrons. As nucleus is so dense that alpha particles can not pass through the nucleus. As a result, they are repelled by the nucleus. Positive charged particles in the nucleus have the same charge but opposite to that of electron.

According to electromagnetic theory, when an electron is revolved around the nucleus then after some time electron loses energy finally it falls into the nucleus. This is the drawback of Rutherford atomic model. For all atoms, number of protons in the nucleus are unique. But, electrons and neutrons vary in their number. So, as there is no change in number of protons so that the number of protons can be countable as atomic number.

Bohr atomic model:
In order to overcome the problem of stability of electron in an orbit around the nucleus, Bohr proposed that the orbits in which electrons revolved are called stationary orbits. Whenever the distance of the orbit from the nucleus increases, the electrons in that orbit having energy also increases. Bohr did not use classical mechanics in his atomic model. According to classical mechanics, size of an atom should be measured on a scale. But, quantum mechanics gives opportunity by taking Planck's constant as a measurement for the atom. This advantage avails to this atomic model when calculating the emission or absorption of energy while the electron is jumped from lower energy level to higher energy level to higher energy level to lower energy level.

Sommerfield atomic model(Improvised Bohr atomic model):
There is also a drawback in Bohr's atomic model that this model is suitable for the explanation of one electron atom i.e., Hydrogen atom. This drawback is eliminated by Sommer field by proposing that the electrons revolve around the nucleus in elliptical orbits by orienting in different angles with nucleus. A revolving electron always produce magnetic field. For different shapes of the orbits of the electrons, Sommerfield gave numbers as ezimuthal quantum numbers. Improvised atomic model by Sommerfield gives more knowledge contributed to zeeman and starck effect.

Answer 2

Rutherford discovered the electrons but was unable to explain the stability of an electron