Question

Write the answers of the following questions in 60-80 words:

(i) What was the role of the philosopher in the French Revolution?

(ii) What is difference between capitalism and socialism?
(iii) Who were the November criminals?

(iv) What change ofter october revolution in Russia​

Answer 1

Answer:

Exactly 100 years ago this month, as the Russian Empire collapsed following defeat in World War I, Communist Party activists seized power in the capital of St. Petersburg. In the following three years, the party extended its rule over most of the former empire in a bitter civil war. Victorious, the Bolshevik leaders set about trying to build their version of a socialist society: modern, rational, and powerful. Their tools were propaganda, state control of the economy, and mass violence.

But October was not the revolution Karl Marx had had in mind. He expected oppressed factory workers to seize power in the wealthiest, most industrialized capitalist societies. Instead, the Russian Revolution, like every successful indigenous Communist revolution that followed, took place in a poor agricultural country under attack (or already colonized) by a more technologically advanced, wealthy enemy. For Russia, it was imperial Germany in World War I, for Vietnam, French colonialism, for China, a century of conflict with European and Japanese imperialists. In the final analysis, Communist revolutions became movements against predatory colonialism. They were not workers’ revolutions.

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Answer 2

Answer:

i) They exposed the inefficiency of the monarch and his government and aroused the people to challenge authority. The philosophers played an important role in the French revolution. They inspired the common mass of France with their revolutionary ideas and prepared them to fight against injustices.

ii)Capitalism is a market-driven economy. The state does not intervene in the economy, leaving it up to market forces to shape society and life. Socialism is characterized by state ownership of businesses and services. Central planning is used to attempt to make society more equitable.

iv) The main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution were (i)The Bolsheviks were totally opposed to private property Therefore most industries and banks were nationalised. (ii) Land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility.