Question

Write the basic postulates of Rutherford atomic mode.this model could not explain the stability of.explain why?

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Postulates of Rutherford atomic model based on observations and conclusions

An atom is composed of positively charged particles. Majority of the mass of an atom was concentrated in a very small region. This region of the atom was called as the nucleus of an atom. It was found out later that the very small and dense nucleus of an atom is composed of neutrons and protons.

Atoms nucleus is surrounded by negatively charged particles called electrons. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in a fixed circular path at very high speed. These fixed circular paths were termed as “orbits.”

An atom has no net charge or they are electrically neutral because electrons are negatively charged and the densely concentrated nucleus is positively charged. A strong electrostatic force of attractions holds together the nucleus and electrons.

The size of the nucleus of an atom is very small in comparison to the total size of an atom.

Observations of Rutherford Model Experiment

On the basis of the observations made during the experiment, Rutherford concluded that

Major space in an atom is empty – A large fraction of α-particles passed through the gold sheet without getting deflected. Therefore, the major part of an atom must be empty.

The positive charge in an atom is not distributed uniformly and it is concentrated in a very small volume – Few α-particles when bombarded were deflected by the gold sheet. They were deflected minutely and at very small angles. Therefore he made the above conclusion.

Very few α-particles had deflected at large angles or deflected back. Moreover, very few particles had deflected at 180o. Therefore, he concluded that the positively charged particles covered a small volume of an atom in comparison to the total volume of an atom.

Rutherford’s model was unable to explain the stability of an atom. According to Rutherford’s postulate, electrons revolve at a very high speed around a nucleus of an atom in a fixed orbit. However, Maxwell explained accelerated charged particles release electromagnetic radiations. Therefore, electrons revolving around the nucleus will release electromagnetic radiation.

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