Write the causative agents of following diseases : Malaria, AIDS, Tuberculosis and Typhoid
Answers
Tuberculosis - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Typhoid - Salmonella Typhi
Malaria - Plasmodium Parasite
AIDS - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Answer:
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Explanation:
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the parasite called Plasmodium. It is transmitted by Female Anopheles Mosquito. An. culicifacies in Rural area & An. stephensi in urban area.
. Feeding habits
It is a zoophilic species
When high densities build up relatively large numbers feed on men
2. Resting habits
Rests during daytime in human dwellings and cattlesheds.
3. Breeding places
Breeds in rainwater pools and puddles, borrowpits, river bed pools, irrigation channels, seepages, rice fields, wells, pond margins, sluggish streams with sandy margins.
Extensive breeding is generally encountered following monsoon rains.
4. Biting time
Life Cycle of Malaria Parasite
Biting time of each vector species is determined by its generic character,but can be readily influenced by environmental conditions.
Primary infection (Acute HIV)
Some people infected by HIV develop a flu-like illness within two to four weeks after the virus enters the body. This illness, known as primary (acute) HIV infection, may last for a few weeks. Possible signs and symptoms include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches and joint pain
- Rash
- Sore throat and painful mouth sores
- Swollen lymph glands, mainly on the neck
- Diarrhea
- Weight loss
- Cough
- Night
sweats Tuberculosis is prevalent in the developing countries of Asia, Africa and South America. It is one of the commonest causes of death and illness in these regions, as over 95% cases and deaths are recorded in these regions. In general, tuberculosis normally affects the lungs but it can also affect other parts of the body. As an airborne disease, it is spread from one person to another through the air. Health professionals have made distinctions between the kinds of tuberculosis infection, namely: Latent and Active.
Latent infection: In this kind of infection, no symptoms are shown at all, as the bacteria remains inactive in the body. However, the bacteria can progress to cause active infection if left untreated. According to the World Health Organisation, about 1/3 of the world’s population is believed to have latent tuberculosis infection.
Active infection: In this case, the bacteria cause visible symptoms, and can be easily transmitted to others. Diagnosis of this kind of infection based on symptoms only is somehow difficult, especially in immune-compromised individuals. Proper diagnosis must therefore be carried out in individuals with signs of lung diseases lasting more than 2 weeks.
Typhoid is a bacterial infection that can lead to a high fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. It can be fatal. It is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.
The infection is often passed on through contaminated food and drinking water, and it is more prevalent in places where handwashing is less frequent. It can also be passed on by carriers who do not know they carry the bacteria.