write the characteristic of sepals and petals of the below; common rose , datura
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Answer:
Characteristic Morphological Features
Members of Rosaceae are generally woody plants, mostly shrubs or small to medium-size trees, some of which are armed with thorns, spines, or prickles to discourage herbivores. The genus Rubus (blackberries, raspberries, and brambles) chiefly contains arching shrubs or scramblers of irregular, often tangled appearance. Herbaceous perennials are found in several Rosaceae genera, most notably Fragaria, Potentilla, Geum, and Aruncus. Most members of Rosaceae have alternate leaves, with opposite leaves being found in a very few species. Small leaflike structures called stipules are routinely present at the base of the leaf stalks.
Common cinquefoil (Potentilla simplex)
Common cinquefoil (Potentilla simplex)
Arthur W. Ambler—The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers
Blackberry (Rubus).
Blackberry (Rubus).
Derek Fell
The flowers in the rose family vary from small to large and range from white to various shades of yellow, pink, orange, lavender, or red. Blue flowers are rare in the order. Typically, the flowers are rather flat or shallowly cup-shaped, produce nectar, and are pollinated by a variety of insects. The basic structure of flowers in the family is relatively primitive. They are almost always bisexual, with both male (stamens) and female (carpels) parts present in the same flower. When separate male and female flowers exist, they may be on the same or on different plants. The flowers are usually radially symmetric. The sepals and petals usually number four or five. The sepals and petals are almost always free from each other. Flowers of Rosaceae species have some type of hypanthium, or floral cup, from whose rim the sepals, petals, and stamens arise. The hypanthium is often lined with nectar-producing tissue.
The stamens are often numerous, and they occur in whorls of four or five. The filaments are usually free; when a hypanthium is present, the stamens attach to its rim. Each flower typically has two to many carpels. Only a few groups have one carpel, notably the genus Prunus (plums, cherries, peaches, and apricots). The carpels are free from each other in most cases, as exemplified by the spirea and rose subfamilies of the rose family. In the apple subfamily, the carpels are completely united into a compound gynoecium. The ovary is most often superior, and the sepals, petals, and stamens are inserted below the base of the ovary. When a hypanthium is present, the flower parts (sepals, petals, and stamens) are attached to the rim (perigynous), although they may appear to be attached to the ovary. The apple subfamily of the rose family normally has a distinctly inferior ovary with the sepals, petals, and stamens arising above the gynoecium.
The rose family shows a wide diversity of fruit types. Many have dry fruits (follicles) that split open at maturity to release the seeds for dispersal; follicles come from one simple carpel. Some dry fruits in the family do not open at maturity, examples being the achenes of some members of the rose subfamily. Fleshy fruits are frequent in the family. Drupes, characteristic of Prunus, and drupelets, such as raspberries and blackberries of the genus Rubus, develop from simple carpels. The rose family is divided into four very distinct subfamilies based primarily on fruits: Spiraeoideae (Spirea subfamily), with follicles; Rosoideae (rose subfamily), with achenes or, in Rubus, drupelets; Amygdaloideae, also called Prunoideae (plum subfamily), with drupes; and Maloideae (apple subfamily), with pomes. As a member of Rosoideae, strawberries have achenes, although this is not obvious to the casual observer, as they are tiny and occur on the surface of the enlarged flower axis, or receptacle. The pome is unique to Maloideae and is a fleshy fruit in which the carpels are surrounded by an enlarged hypanthium. In most, but not all, Maloideae, the carpels are partly to completely fused to each other and to the sides of the hypanthium and are thus inferior to varying degrees. Some pomes are fleshy throughout, others have a membranous, or papery, core, and others contain hard nutlets. Examples of pome fruits are apples, pears, quinces, loquats, serviceberries, mountain ashes, hawthorns, and fire thorns.