write the characteristics features of Thallophyta,Brayophyta and Pteridophyta
Answers
Answer:
What is Thallophyta
Thallophyta is phylum that includes seedless plants and plant-like organisms. This consists of algae, fungi, lichens, and bacteria. Thus, Thallophyta is a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms, whose plant body is described as a thallus. Most Thallophytes can be found in wet habitats. All Thallophytes are autotrophic and produce their own food. The food is stored in the form of starch. Thallophytes do not have a vascular system. They consist of single-celled sex organs.
What is Bryophyta ?
Bryophyta refers to the small, flowerless plants. This consists of liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. Bryophytes live in moist, shady environments. Their plant body is not differentiated into true stem, root, and leaves. However, they show stem-like, root-like, and leaf-like structures. The root-like structures are called rhizoids; they attach the plant body to the substrate. Bryophytes also do not have a true vascular system.
What is Pteridophyta
Pteridophyta refers to the flowerless plants whose plant body is differentiated into true stem, root, and leaves. Pteridophyta consists of ferns, horsetails, quillworts, club mosses, and spike mosses. These plants consist of a true vascular system. Pteridophytes are a type of highly organized plants that live in dry, terrestrial habitats.
Similarities Between Thallophyta Bryophyta and Pteridophyta
Thallophyta, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta belong to the sub-kingdom Crytogamae of the kingdom Plantae.
They do not produce seeds, fruits, and flowers.
Their cell walls are made up of cellulose.
They are autotrophic and produce their own food.
They reserve their food as starch.
They consist of hidden reproductive structures.
They reproduce by means of spores.
Conclusion
Thallophyta, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta are three phyla of the sub-kingdom Crytogamae. Cryptogams are seedless plants. Therefore, they mainly reproduce through spores. Cryptogams also do not have flowers and fruits. The main difference between Thallophyta Bryophyta and Pteridophyta is the organization of each phylum. Thallphyta consists of algae, fungi, lichens, and cyanobacteria. The plant body of Thallophyta is a thallus. Bryophyta consists of liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. The plant body of bryophytes is not differentiated into true stem, roots, and leaves. Pteridophyta consists of ferns and their relatives. The plant body of pteridophytes is differentiated into true stem, root, and leaves. Pteridophytes also consist of a true vascular system.
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Characteristics of Thallophyta
1) They are usually found in moist or wet places.
2)This is due to the absence of “true roots” and vascular tissue that is needed to transport water and minerals. Hence they are found in moist or wet places.
3)They are autotrophic in nature.
4)Most members of this group manufacture their own food. But a few members like fungi are dependent on other sources of food.,
5) Reserve food is generally starch.
2.Characteristics of Bryophytes
1) Plants in this category do not have roots but have crude stems and leaves.
2)They have “rhizoids” instead of roots which helps the plant to anchor to surface.
3)These roots or rhizoids do not absorb nutrients like other usual plant roots.
4)Mosses release spores from their leaves which travels by water and make new mosses in new locations.
5)Water is very essential for mosses to grow and spread. They can entirely dry out and survive. When in contact with water, they again revive and continue growing.
3.Pteridophyta Characteristics
1. Pteridophytes are considered as the first plants to be evolved on land:
It is speculated that life began in the oceans, and through millions of years of evolution, life slowly adapted on to dry land. And among the first of the plants to truly live on land were the Pteridophytes.
2. They are cryptogams, seedless and vascular:
Pteridophytes are seedless, and they reproduce through spores. They contain vascular tissues but lack xylem vessels and phloem companion cells.
3. The plant body has true roots, stem and leaves:
They have well-differentiated plant body into root, stem and leaves.
4. Spores develop in sporangia:
The sporangium is the structures in which spores are formed. They are usually homosporous (meaning: one type of spore is produced) and are also heterosporous, (meaning: two kinds of spores are produced.)
5. Sporangia are produced in groups on sporophylls:
Leaves that bear the sporangia are termed as sporophylls. The tip of the leaves tends to curl inwards to protect the vulnerable growing parts.
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