Question

write the characteristics of viruses​

Answer 1

Answer:

viruses are living organism when they are in a host for example human ,but non living without host that is when in any non living organism

Answer 2

Characteristics of Viruses

Objectives:

    1.    Identify the structural characteristics of viruses.

    2.    Compare the forms of viral replication.

Resources:

 

Notes:

Viruses:

Discovered (hypothesized) around 100 yrs. ago

A virus is a non-cellular particle made up of genetic material and a protein coat.

Causes disease – polio, measles, HIV, Herpes

Structure:

Head

Capsid (protein coat)

Nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)

Envelope – protective outer covering made of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates

Tail – Tail fibers used in attaching itself to a host

·        Also known as bacteriophages

·        Are parasites

·        Require a host

·        Are NOT living

·        Cannot reproduce

·        Cannot make energy

·        Come in different sizes and shapes

·        Usually specific for host and cell type within the host

Life Cycle: Lytic Virus

Infection

·        Tail attaches to a specific site on a cell

·        DNA is injected into the cell through the tail

Growth

·        Viral DNA is inserted into the organism

·        All cell resources (RNA & Metabolism) are taken over

·        The Host then begins to replicate the viral DNA

Replication

·        The cell continues to replicate the virus until bursts (is lysed)

·        This is referred to as a lytic infection

Life Cycle: Lysogenic Virus

Infection – Same

Growth

·        Viral DNA is inserted into organisms DNA at specific sites

·        Uses restriction enzymes

·        Viral DNA is now known as a prophage

·        Can remain as a prophage for many generations

·        Blocks the entry of other viral particles

·        May make useful products for the host

·        At times of stress, may become active and replicate until lytic reaction occurs

Retrovirus

·        RNA is inserted into a cell (backwards copy of DNA)

·        DNA is made from the RNA and inserted into the DNA where it becomes a prophage

·        HIV & some cancerCharacteristics of Viruses

Objectives:

    1.    Identify the structural characteristics of viruses.

    2.    Compare the forms of viral replication.

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