write the chemical formula of the compounds formed by combining the third member of the alkali metal group with nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, carbon and chlorine.
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Answer:
Reactions with oxygen
The alkali metals tend to form ionic solids in which the alkali metal has an oxidation number of +1. Therefore, neutral compounds with oxygen can be readily classified according to the nature of the oxygen species involved. Ionic oxygen species include the oxide, O2-, peroxide, O22-, superoxide, O2-, and ozonide O3-. Compounds that can be prepared that contain an alkali metal, M, and oxygen are therefore the monoxide, M2O, peroxide, M2O2, superoxide, MO2, and ozonide, MO3. Rubidium and cesium and, possibly, potassium also form the sesquioxide, M4O6, which contains two peroxide anions and one superoxide anion per formula unit. Lithium forms only the monoxide and the peroxide.
All the alkali metals react directly with oxygen; lithium and sodium form monoxides, Li2O and Na2O, and the heavier alkali metals form superoxides, MO2. The rate of reaction with oxygen, or with air, depends upon whether the metals are in the solid or liquid state, as well as upon the degree of mixing of the metals with the oxygen or air. In the liquid state, alkali metals can be ignited in air with ease, generating copious quantities of heat and a dense choking smoke of the oxide.
The free energy of formation (a measure of stability) of the alkali metal oxides at 25 °C (77 °F) varies widely from a high of −133 kcal/mole for lithium oxide to −63 kcal/mole for cesium oxide. The close approach of the small lithium ion to the oxygen atom results in the unusually high free energy of