Question

Write the constituents responsible for the permanent hardness of water

Answer 1

washing soda removes permanent hardness of water

Answer 2

calcium and magnesium, which will not be precipitated by boiling. The lime scale can build up on the inside of the pipe restricting the flow of water or causing a blockage.

Permanent hardness in water is

hardness due to the presence of the chlorides, nitrates and sulphates of

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