Question

write the construction of electric motorand working and principle

Answer 1

Principle: An electric motor works on the principle that a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force, the direction of force is given by Fleming’s left hand rule.
Construction: As shown in figure, an electric motor consists of the following main parts.

Field magnet : It is a strong horse shoe type magnet with concave poles.Armature : It is a rectangular coil ABCD having a large number of turns of the insulated copper wire wound over a soft iron core. The armatures is placed between the poles of the field magnet and it can be rotated about an axis perpendicular to the magnetic field line.



(iii) Split ring commutator: it consists of a cylindrical metal ring split into two halves S1 and S2. The two ends A and D of the armature coil are connected to split rings, S1 and S2 respectively. As the coil is rotated, the split rings also rotate about the same axis of rotation. The function of the split ring commutator is to reverse the direction of current in the coil after every half rotation.

(iv) Brushes: Two graphite or flexible metal rods maintain a sliding contact with split rings S1 and S2 alternately.

(v) Battery: A battery of few cells is connected to the brushes. The current from the battery flows to the armature coil through the brushes and the split rings.

Working: Initially, suppose the plane of the coil is horizontal. The split ring S1touches the brush B1 and split ring S2 touches the brush B2. The current in coil flows in the direction ABCD, as shown in the figure(a).

Answer 2

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