Write the difference between acid and base and two example
Answers
Explanation:
An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ion (H+) as the only positive ion when mixed with water.
A base is a substance that produces hydroxyl ion (OH–) as the only negative ion when mixed with water.
An acid is a species that can release/donate a proton to another species.
A base is a species that can accept a proton.
An acid is a species that can accept an electron pair.
A base is a species that can donate an electron pair.
Strength of an acid is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions.
The strength of a base is based on the concentration of hydroxyl ions.
Acids are corrosive in nature.
Bases are slippery in nature.
Physical state
Acids exist as solid, liquid, and gas-based on temperature.
Bases usually exist in the solid-state except for ammonia which exists as a gas.
Taste Acids are sour in taste.
Bases taste bitter.
Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
Bases release hydroxyl ions (OH–) when dissolved in water.
Dissociation constant
The dissociation constant of a strong acid is -2.
The dissociation constant of a strong base is 12.
pH value pH value of acid is lower than that of water (7) with an acid of pH 1 being the strongest acid.
pH value of base is higher than that of water and with base pH 14 being the strongest base.
Test with litmus Acids turn a blue litmus paper into the red.
Bases turn a red litmus paper into the blue.
Phenolphthalein turns colorless in acidic solutions.
Phenolphthalein turns pink in basic solutions.
Methyl orange turns red in color in acidic solutions.
Methyl orange turns orange in color in basic solutions.
In the universal indicator, yellow and red color indicates acidic solutions.
In the universal indicator, blue and violet color indicates basic solutions.
Reaction with metal Acids react with metals to give H2 gas.
Bases don’t react with metals.
Examples of acid :- Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3), Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), Oxalic acid (C2H2O4), Boric acid (H3BO3), Acetic acid (CH3COOH), carbonic acid, (H2CO3), Aluminium chloride (AlCl3), etc.
Examples of base :- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium hydroxide (KOH), Calcium oxide (CaO), Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), Pyridine (C5H5N), Histidine (C6H9N3O2), Ammonia (NH3), etc
Acids Bases
i) Acids are sour in taste. i) Bases are bitter in taste.
ii) Acid turns blue litmus to red. ii) Bases turn red litmus to blue.
iii) Acid is a substance which contains hydrogen ion H+. iii) Bases are substances which contain hydroxyl ion OH−.