Write the difference between Computer Virus and Biological Virus.
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Answer:
Think of a biological virus – the kind that makes you sick. It’s persistently nasty, keeps you from functioning normally, and often requires something powerful to get rid of it. A computer virus is very similar. Designed to replicate relentlessly, computer viruses infect your programs and files, alter the way your computer operates or stop it from working altogether.
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Answer:
Computer virus vs. biological virus
The term “computer virus” was coined in a 1984 paper by the computer scientist Fred Cohen. The name is apt. A biological virus is inert until it combines with a particular type of host cell, causing illness and using the cell’s proteins to reproduce itself. Similarly, a computer virus is computer code that combines with a particular type of computer program, causing harm and reproducing as the program is shared (often by email). “The underlying premise involved in the way both computer and biological viruses invade, damage and [effect] onward transmission is very similar,” confirms Bharat Mistry, Principal Security Strategist at Trend Micro.
In the decades since Cohen’s paper, the threat from malware has ballooned. “The first big difference between malware and biological viruses is the sheer quantity of new unique computer malware found daily, circa 350,000,” adds Mistry. “The second big difference is the speed of transmission or infection. Biological infections start in one area and stay there unless infected people physically leave and pass it on, which could take days, maybe weeks. Because most computers are connected to the internet, an infection on one side of the world will propagate to the other side in a matter of hours or minutes.”
Malware has become increasingly sophisticated, attacking vulnerabilities in myriad ways. It includes newer, even more dangerous, types—including worms (named after the human-parasitic worm), Trojans, and Ransomware—that, according to the strict definition, aren’t computer viruses, but are commonly referred to as such. “We have some real monsters from hell,” explains Ivan Zelinka, Professor of Computer Science at the VSB Technical University of Ostrava, in the Czech Republic. “There are viruses that will mutate numerous times but keep the same functionality. Ones that use encryption, ones that use stealth technologies—so the antivirus cannot identify it even when it’s right in front of it—and ones that use Darwinian evolution to metamorphose or join themselves into a random, swarm-like attack on their victim, for example Stuxnet.”
Compared with modern-day computer malware, biological viruses appear quite simple. “If Sars-CoV-2 [the virus that causes COVID-19 and/or diseases like it] were transformed into malware, then it would look like an old-fashioned PC virus,” says Zelinka, who has contributed to numerous papers on the evolution of malware and solutions, as well as the use of AI in cybersecurity.
Though simple, over eons, biological viruses have evolved to be remarkably effective, and there is nothing straightforward about assessing what sort of impact one such as Sars-CoV-2/COVID-19 has on the human body or how to address it. The fallout from the virus, in terms of illness, death of people, bringing the global economy to a halt, and the political and cultural ramifications, dwarfs anything achieved by any computer malware… to date. “Sars-CoV-2 is really tight—it’s just 30,000 symbols, which is maybe equivalent to 7kb to 8kb of data. I don’t know any computer virus that small and which can accomplish so much. Such a short amount of information can turn the world upside down,” says computational geneticist Yaniv Erlich, who is the CSO of MyHeritage and a former Professor of Computer Science at Columbia University. “I guess if you add together all the computer-security break-ins, it wouldn’t be a fraction of all the suffering and monetary loss that this has caused.” Among his research projects on genetics, Erlich was part of the first team to encode a computer virus, along with a movie and gift card, into a speck of DNA (don’t worry, it’s not dangerous).
Despite the tsunami of cyberattacks over the past four decades, the fact that no single cyber pathogen has (yet) caused a calamity of pandemic proportions is surprising considering the interconnectedness of the IT world. This could be testament to the effectiveness of the security business or it could be because the criminals still have to come up with the dream ticket. Either way, it presents a good reason for inter-discipline collaboration.