Question

Write the features of different soil type found in india

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Alluvial Soil

Composition: Rich in lime ,potash, poor in phosphorous and humus  

Formation:  Silt brought by rivers

Characteristics:  Very fertile, fine grained both in new alluvium (Khadar) and old alluvium  

Distribution: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal  

Crops: Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton, Oilseeds and Jute

2. Black Soil (Regur)

Composition: Rich in lime, aluminium, calcium, potash, iron, magnesium. Poor in nitrogen and humus.

Formation: Weathering of volcanic rocks

Characteristics: Water retentive cracks develops when dry

Distribution: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu

Crops: Cotton, Sugarcane, oilseeds and Tobacco

3. Red and Yellow Soil

Composition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium and nitrogen

Formation: Decomposition of granite, gneiss and metamorphic rocks

Characteristics: Not water retentive. When fertilizers are added, soil become productive

Distribution: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka

Crops: Bajra, maize, pulses, potatoes, fruits

4. Laterite Soil  

Composition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium, nitrogen

Formation: Leaching of laterite rocks

Characteristics: Agriculturally less important. Bricks are made for house construction

Distribution: Peculiar to India- Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Odisha

Crops: Cashew, Tapioca, Coffee and Rubber

5. Forest Soil

Composition: Rich in humus. Poor in potash, phosphorous and lime

Formation: Decomposition of organic matter

Characteristics: Heterogeneous, character changes with parent rocks and climate. Require good deal of fertilizers.

Distribution: Himalayan region. Western and Eastern Ghats

Answer 2

Answer:

1) alluvial soil is very fertile soil

2) black soil is mostly found in haryana , Punjab and many other states