Write the features of different soil type found in india
Answers
Answer:
1. Alluvial Soil
Composition: Rich in lime ,potash, poor in phosphorous and humus
Formation: Silt brought by rivers
Characteristics: Very fertile, fine grained both in new alluvium (Khadar) and old alluvium
Distribution: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal
Crops: Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton, Oilseeds and Jute
2. Black Soil (Regur)
Composition: Rich in lime, aluminium, calcium, potash, iron, magnesium. Poor in nitrogen and humus.
Formation: Weathering of volcanic rocks
Characteristics: Water retentive cracks develops when dry
Distribution: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu
Crops: Cotton, Sugarcane, oilseeds and Tobacco
3. Red and Yellow Soil
Composition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium and nitrogen
Formation: Decomposition of granite, gneiss and metamorphic rocks
Characteristics: Not water retentive. When fertilizers are added, soil become productive
Distribution: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka
Crops: Bajra, maize, pulses, potatoes, fruits
4. Laterite Soil
Composition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium, nitrogen
Formation: Leaching of laterite rocks
Characteristics: Agriculturally less important. Bricks are made for house construction
Distribution: Peculiar to India- Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Odisha
Crops: Cashew, Tapioca, Coffee and Rubber
5. Forest Soil
Composition: Rich in humus. Poor in potash, phosphorous and lime
Formation: Decomposition of organic matter
Characteristics: Heterogeneous, character changes with parent rocks and climate. Require good deal of fertilizers.
Distribution: Himalayan region. Western and Eastern Ghats
Answer:
1) alluvial soil is very fertile soil
2) black soil is mostly found in haryana , Punjab and many other states