Write the general characteristic features of Solanaceae.
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Characters of Solanaceae:
Plants herbs, shurbs rarely trees; leaves alternate, flowers solitary or in cymes; axillary or terminal; flowers pentamerous, actinomorphic, hypogynous, hermaphrodite, calyx persistent, gamosepalous, corolla gamopetalous, campanulate; stamens epipetalous; gynoecium bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary obliquely placed, axile placentation; swollen placentae; ovules many in each locules; fruit capsule or berry.
A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Mostly herbs (Petunia, Withania), shrubs and trees.
Root:
A branched tap root system.
Stem:
Aerial, erect, climbing (Solanum jasminoides), herbaceous, or woody, cylindrical, branched, solid or hollow, hairy, or glabrous, underground stem in Solanum tuberosum.
Leaves:
Cauline, ramal, exstipulate, petiolate or sessile, alternate sometimes opposite, simple, entire pinnatisect in Lycopersicurn, unicostate reticulate venation.
B. Floral Characters:
Inflorescence:
Solitary axillary, umbellate cyme, or helicoid cyme in Solanum.
Flower:
Bracteate or ebracteate, pedicellate, complete, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous.
Calyx:
Sepals 5, gamosepalous, tubular or campanulate, valvate or imbricate, persistent, green or coloured, hairy, inferior.
Corolla:
Petals 5, gamopetalous, tubular or infundibuliform, valvate or imbricate aestivation, scale or hair-like outgrowth may arise from the throat of the corolla tube, coloured, inferior.
Androecium:
Stamens 5, epipetalous, polyandrous, alternipetalous, filaments inserted deep in the corolla tube, anthers dithecous, usually basifixed or dorsifixed, introrse, inferior.
Gynoecium:
Bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, bilocular, unilocular in Henoonia, axile placentation placentae swollen, many ovules in each loculus, ovary obliquely placed; in some cases nectariferous disc is present; style simple; stigma bifid or capitate.
Fruit:
A capsule or beery.
Seed:
Endospermic.
Pollination:
Entomophilous.
Distribution of Solanaceae:
The family is commonly called ‘Potato family’. It is a large family well distributed in tropics and sub-tropics, though a few members are found in temperate zone. The family includes 2,000 species belonging to 90 genera. In India it is represented by 70 species of 21 genera.
Several members are cultivated through out the world for their great economic importance; among them are Solarium tuberosum (Potato), Solarium melongena (Bringal), Lycopersicurn esculentum (Tomato) etc.
Plants herbs, shurbs rarely trees; leaves alternate, flowers solitary or in cymes; axillary or terminal; flowers pentamerous, actinomorphic, hypogynous, hermaphrodite, calyx persistent, gamosepalous, corolla gamopetalous, campanulate; stamens epipetalous; gynoecium bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary obliquely placed, axile placentation; swollen placentae; ovules many in each locules; fruit capsule or berry.
A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Mostly herbs (Petunia, Withania), shrubs and trees.
Root:
A branched tap root system.
Stem:
Aerial, erect, climbing (Solanum jasminoides), herbaceous, or woody, cylindrical, branched, solid or hollow, hairy, or glabrous, underground stem in Solanum tuberosum.
Leaves:
Cauline, ramal, exstipulate, petiolate or sessile, alternate sometimes opposite, simple, entire pinnatisect in Lycopersicurn, unicostate reticulate venation.
B. Floral Characters:
Inflorescence:
Solitary axillary, umbellate cyme, or helicoid cyme in Solanum.
Flower:
Bracteate or ebracteate, pedicellate, complete, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous.
Calyx:
Sepals 5, gamosepalous, tubular or campanulate, valvate or imbricate, persistent, green or coloured, hairy, inferior.
Corolla:
Petals 5, gamopetalous, tubular or infundibuliform, valvate or imbricate aestivation, scale or hair-like outgrowth may arise from the throat of the corolla tube, coloured, inferior.
Androecium:
Stamens 5, epipetalous, polyandrous, alternipetalous, filaments inserted deep in the corolla tube, anthers dithecous, usually basifixed or dorsifixed, introrse, inferior.
Gynoecium:
Bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, bilocular, unilocular in Henoonia, axile placentation placentae swollen, many ovules in each loculus, ovary obliquely placed; in some cases nectariferous disc is present; style simple; stigma bifid or capitate.
Fruit:
A capsule or beery.
Seed:
Endospermic.
Pollination:
Entomophilous.
Distribution of Solanaceae:
The family is commonly called ‘Potato family’. It is a large family well distributed in tropics and sub-tropics, though a few members are found in temperate zone. The family includes 2,000 species belonging to 90 genera. In India it is represented by 70 species of 21 genera.
Several members are cultivated through out the world for their great economic importance; among them are Solarium tuberosum (Potato), Solarium melongena (Bringal), Lycopersicurn esculentum (Tomato) etc.
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Fruits including tomatoes, tomatillos, eggplant, bell peppers and chili peppers, all of which are closely related members of the Solanaceae.
The Solanaceae, or nightshades, are an economically important family of flowering plants. ...
The name Solanaceae derives from the genus Solanum, "the nightshade plant
The Solanaceae, or nightshades, are an economically important family of flowering plants. ...
The name Solanaceae derives from the genus Solanum, "the nightshade plant
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