Question

Write the main factors responsible for soil formation. 5m​

Answer 1

Answer: Soils are formed through the interaction of five major factors: time, climate, parent material, topography and relief, and organisms. The relative influence of each factor varies from place to place, but the combination of all five factors normally determines the kind of soil developing in any given place.

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Answer 2

Answer:

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Soil is one of the important components of the sustainability of an ecosystem because it is the vitally important natural medium for the growth of vegetation. It can be defined as, the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles.  Here, we are giving a brief note on the major factors which are responsible for the formation of the Soil.

Factors Responsible for the Formation of Soil

Parent Material

It is deposited by streams or derived from in-situ weathering. In this stage, soil inherits many properties like mineral composition, color, particle size, and chemical elements. For example- Black soil-derives its colour from lava rock

Climate

is one of the important factors in the formation of soil because it affects the rate of weathering of the parent rock.

Role of Precipitation

The variability in the precipitation modifies the composition of the soil. For Example- Areas with little rainfall and a high rate of evaporation led to the accumulation of salts in the soil. The soils underlying tropical rain forests tend to be nutrient-poor because of intensive leaching due to heavy rains.

Role of temperature

It also plays an important role because fluctuations in temperature causes shrinking and swelling, frost action, and general weathering in soil

Biota (Flora, Fauna, and Microorganisms)

Biota, in conjunction with climate, modifies parent material to produce soil. For Example- Leguminous plants (such as beans, peas, and groundnuts) have nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These plants take the nitrate ions directly from these nitrogen-fixing bacteria. It improves the fertility of the soil by fixing atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia or ammonium.

Topography (Relief, Altitude, and Slope)

It is considered a passive factor in modifying the effects of climate because it affects soil processes, soil distribution, and the type of vegetation.

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