Question

WRITE the main function of atleast 10 cell components

Answer 1

1.Nucleus'Control Center' of the cell.Contains the cell's DNA (genetic information) in the form of genes.Re. 
Nucleic Acids*Sequestration and *replication of DNA.*Transcription and *modification of RNA.Contains one or more nucleoli (plural, singular word = nucleolus) whose functions include:NucleoliBiosynthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and production (assembly) of ribosomes.2.Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)Consists of many interconnected membranous sacs called cisternae, onto whose external surface ribosomes are attached (distinguishing RER from SER on electron micrographs).RibosomesProduce polypeptides that are then either ...inserted into the RER membrane, ormoved into the lumen (central region) of the cisternae, ormoved to the Golgi complex and probably onwards from there.In lumen of cisternaeProduce proteins that are then either ...retained within vesicles, orsecreted from the cell (via secretory vesicles - see below).3.Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)Consists of many interconnected membranous sacs called cisternae (withoutribosomes).Many enzymes are either attached to the surface of the SER or located within its cisternae. Chemical reactions within the SER vary with the type and location of cells. E.g.helps with protein folding and transport of synthesized proteinsglycosylation - which involves the attachment of oligosaccharides.disulfide bond formation and rearrangement - to stabilize the tertiary and quaternary structure of many proteinsmodification of some drugs e.g. by the cytochrome P450 enzymes in liver cells.4.MitochondriaThe main function of mitochondria in aerobic cells is the production of energy by synthesis of ATP. However, mitochondria also have many other functions, including e.g.:Processing and storage of calcium ions (Ca2+).Apoptosis, i.e. the process of programmed cell deathRegulation of cellular metabolismSynthesis of certain steroids 
See also the structure of mitochondria and the functions of mitochondria.5.Chloroplasts 
(plant cells only)Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis within plant cells.6.Golgi ApparatusThe Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages macromolecules for delivery to other organelles or secretion from the cell via exocytosis - see (9.) below.7.LysosomesLysosomes (tiny sacs containing enzymes) are the main sites of intracellular digestion. They enable the cell to make use of nutrients. Their functions can be listed as:Autophagy - digestion of materials from within the cell.Heterophagy - digestion of materials originating from outside the cell.Biosynthesis - recycling unwanted products of chemical reactions to process materials received from outside the cell.Lysosomes also destroy the cell - usually after it has died.8.Peroxisomes
(also called "microbodies" - smaller than lysosomes and contain specific enzymes)Similar to (but smaller than) lysosomes, the metabolic functions of peroxisomes include:Breakdown of fatty acids by beta-oxidationBreakdown excess purines to ureaBreakdown of toxic compounds e.g. in the cells of the liver and kidney.also play a role in the biosynthesis of certain important molecules incl. cholesterol and (in liver cells) bile acids derived from cholesterol.9.
Secretory vesicles
(sometimes called simply "vesicles")
Transport and delivery of their contents (e.g. molecules such as hormones or neurotransmitters) either into or out of the cell, in both cases via the cell membrane.Exocytosis - movement of the contents of secretory vesicles out of the cell.Endocytosis - movement of the contents of secretory vesicles into the cell.10.Vacuole 
(plant cells only)Helps maintain turgor pressure pressure (turgidity) inside the cell - which pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall. Plants need turgidity to maintain rigidity.

Answer 2

Cell membrane (plasma)

 

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cell wall

 

Found in plant and bacteria cells. This supports and protects cells.

Nucleus

 

Directs the cell. Contains DNA.

Cytoplasm

 

Contains microtubules (proteins) for support (cytoske)

Ribosomes

 

makes the proteins

Mitochondria

 

Produces energy through the reaction of cellular respiration.

Golgi bodies

 

changes proteins and lipids. makes through vessicles.

Lysosomes

 

Digestive of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Vacuoles

 

helps plants maintain shape

Chloroplast

 

where photosynthesis takes place