write the main point of dalton's atomic theory and also write the limitation.
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Answer:
Dalton's atomic theory:
Matter has been one of the most important subjects of research for the science enthusiasts. Scientists and philosophers have always tried to simplify things and so was the case with the matter. They wanted to know about the fundamental particles that make matter, their properties, structure etc. This led to the formulation of a number of atomic theories.
Democritus was the first man who proposed that matter is made up of particles. He named these particles, ‘atomos’ meaning indivisible. This was the Democritus’ Atomic Theory. Due to the lack of technological setup back then, scientists had very limited information on this theory.
Almost after two thousand years, the works on the simplifying matter was materialized by scientist, John Dalton. In 1808, John Dalton postulated the famous Dalton’s Atomic Theory. He published this theory in a paper titled “A New Chemical Philosophy”; indeed the philosophy was new for that era. Let us now look at the postulates of this theory.
Limitations:
It was proved that an atom is not indivisible. As an atom can be subdivided into electrons, protons and neutrons. But remember that atom is the tiniest particle that takes part in a chemical reaction.
According to Dalton Atomic Theory, atoms of an element are identical in mass, size and many other chemical or physical properties. But, practically we observe that atoms of several elements differ in their densities and masses. These atoms with the different masses are known as isotopes. For example, Chlorine (Cl) has 2 isotopes with the mass numbers of 35 and 37.
Also, according to Dalton Atomic Theory, atoms of two-different elements differ in mass, size and many other chemical or physical properties. However, this is not correct for all situations. For example, Argon (Ar) and Calcium (Ca) atoms, each have an atomic mass of 40 amu. These atoms with similar atomic masses are isobars.
According to Dalton Atomic Theory, when atoms of different elements (atoms of two or more elements) combine in simple whole number ratios, we get chemical compounds. But this is not true in case of complex organic compounds.
Dalton Atomic Theory fails to explain the existence of allotropes. This implies that the Dalton atomic theory fails to explain the differences in properties of charcoal, graphite, and diamond (allotropes of carbon).
Dalton’s Atomic Theory also suggested that an atom is the smallest part of an atom that can take part in a chemical reaction. Some postulates of this theory remain valid even in today’s modern chemical thoughts. The atomic structure model proposed by indeed proves to be a significant, stepping stone in chemistry. It forms the base for modern atomic theories and quantum mechanics.
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Answer:
Explanation:
5 POINTS OR POSTULATES-
1)MATTER IS MADE-UP OF TIMY PARTICLES CALLED ATOMS.
2)ATOMS ARE INDIVISIBLE.
3)ATOMS CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED.
4)ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT ARE IDENTICAL IN MASS AND OTHER PROPERTIES.
5)ATOMS OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS DIFFER IN THEIR MASSES AND PROPERTIES.
2LIMITATIONS-
1)ATOM IS DIVISIBLE INTO SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES-e(electron),p(proton),n(neutron).
2)existence of Isotopes, Isotopes are the atoms of same element having same atomic number and same chemical properties but different mass number.