write the meaning of nationalism in the chapter the rise of nationalism in Europe
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Nationalism is the basis for the development of the modern nation-state. According to Leon- Baradat, nationalism 'calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state - a nation-state - to support those interests'.[1] It was an important factor in the development of Europe. In the 19th century, a wave of romantic nationalism swept the European continent, transforming its countries. Some newly formed countries, such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting various regional states with a common "national identity". Others, such as Greece, Serbia, Poland, Romania and Bulgaria, were formed by uprisings against the Ottoman Empire and Russia. Nationalism was the ideological impetus that, over the century, transformed Europe. Rule by monarchies and foreign control of territory was replaced by self-determination and newly formed national government
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