Write the method of separation and purification of mixtures with 3-4 steps.
Crystallization
Answers
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The process of cooling a hot, concentrated solution of a substance to obtain crystals is called crystallization. The process of crystallization is used for obtaining a pure solid substance from impure sample. This is done as follows :
The impure solid substance is dissolved in the minimum amount of water to form a solution.
The solution is filtered to remove insoluble impurities.
The clear solution is heated gently on a water bath till a concentrated solution of saturated solution is obtained ( This can be tested by dipping a glass rod in hot solution from time to time. When small crystals form on the glass rod, the solution is saturated ). Then stop heating.
Allow the hot, saturated solution to cool slowly.
Crystals of pure solid are formed. Impurities remain dissolved in solution.
Separate the crystals of pure solid by filtration and dry.
The process of crystallization is used to purify a large number of water soluble solids. For example, the common salt obtained from sea-water is an impure substance having many impurities in it. So, common salt is purified by the process of crystallization. An impure sample of alum or copper is also purified by crystallization.
Crystallization is a better technique than ‘evaporation to dryness' because of the following reasons :
Some solids (like sugar) decompose or get charred on heating to dryness during evaporation. There is no such problem in crystallization.
The soluble impurities do not get removed in the process of evaporation . But such impurities get removed in crystallization.
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