Chemistry, asked by animesh9971, 1 year ago

Write the name and molecular formula of inorganic compound having his name suffix with os and adding two

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Answered by кєиχ
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The empirical and molecular formulas discussed in the preceding section are precise and informative, but they have some disadvantages. First, they are inconvenient for routine verbal communication. For example, saying “C-A-three-P-O-four-two” for Ca3(PO4)2 is much more difficult than saying “calcium phosphate.” In addition, many compounds have the same empirical and molecular formulas but different arrangements of atoms, which differences result in very different chemical and physical properties. In such cases, it is necessary for the compounds to have different names that distinguish among the possible arrangements.

Many compounds, particularly those that have been known for a relatively long time, have more than one name: a common name (sometimes several), and a systematic name, which is the name assigned by adhering to specific rules. Like the names of most elements, the common names of chemical compounds generally have historical origins, although they often appear to be unrelated to the compounds of interest. For example, the systematic name for KNO3 is potassium nitrate, but its common name is saltpeter.

In this text, a systematic nomenclature is used to assign meaningful names to the millions of known substances. Unfortunately, some chemicals that are widely used in commerce and industry are still known almost exclusively by their common names; in such cases, familiarity with the common name as well as the systematic one is required. The objective of this and the next two sections is to teach how to write the formula for a simple inorganic compound from its name—and vice versa—and introduce some frequently-encountered common names.

Binary ionic compounds contain only two elements. The procedure for naming such compounds is outlined in Figure 3.5.1 and uses the following steps:



Figure 3.5.1: Naming an Ionic Compound

1.  Place the ions in their proper order: cation and then anion.

2.  Name the cation.

a.  Metals that form only one cation. As noted previosuly, these metals are usually in Groups 1–3, 12, and 13. The name of the cation of a metal that forms only one cation is the same as the name of the metal (with the word ion added if the cation is by itself). For example, Na+ is the sodium ion, Ca2+ is the calcium ion, and Al3+ is the aluminum ion.

b.  Metals that form more than one cation. As shown in Figure 3.5.2, many metals can form more than one cation. This behavior is observed for most transition metals, many actinides, and the heaviest elements of Groups 13–15. In such cases, the positive charge on the metal is indicated by a roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the name of the metal. Thus Cu+ is copper(I) (read as “copper one”), Fe2+ is iron(II), Fe3+ is iron(III), Sn2+ is tin(II), and Sn4+ is tin(IV).

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