Write the notes on prominent psychologist from Karnataka Shri parvathamma
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The Haridasa movement was the heir to the Vachana movement and like the Vachanakaras, the Haridasas composed songs in spoken Kannada, easily comprehensible, musical in rendering and expressing divine emotions. While the Vachanakaras were looked upon with suspicion by the royalty, the Haridasas received royal patronage. Over the years, the revolutionary ideals of Vachanakaras had percolated in the minds of the people and hence the sayings of Haridasas on various sensitive socio-religious issues were not received with aghast which the Vachanakaras had to face. While the Vachanakaras rendered Vachanas in praise of Hara (Shiva), the Haridasas wrote Keertanas in praise of Hari (Vishnu). Both enriched Kannada literature.
Among the various Haridasas Purandara Dasa and Kanaka Dasa stand foremost. Both were followers of Vyasaraja, the spiritual preceptor of the Vijayanagara Emperor, Sri Krishnadevaraya. The acceptance of Kanakadasa as a disciple shows the catholic outlook of Vyasaraja. (Vyasaraja was a famous philosopher and dialectician of the Dvaita Vedanta system and was the disciple of Sripadaraja, who was the founder of Dasakuta and called the father of Dasa Sahitya).
Kanakadasa was born to Biregowda and Beechamma at Baada near Kaginele in Haveri district of Karnataka. According to Dr.D.Javare Gowda, the probable birth date of Kanakadasa is 1489. He was born after a long prayer to Thimappa of Tirupati and was named as Thimanna. Kanaka’s father was a Dannanayaka (hereditary chieftain) under Vijayanagar rulers. As Dannanayaka his status in the society was high and in addition to his responsibility for administration and revenue collection he had to maintain an army. Kanaka studied at the Shaiva mutt at Sadashivapete near Bada. Later he probably received education in the ashrama of Tirumale Taataacharya at Anegondi. After the death of his father, Thimanna became his successor and served loyally for the protection and prosperity of Vijayanagar. With economic progress of his domain, wealth poured in and Thimmappa came to be addressed as Kanakappa (Kanaka means gold in Kannada). Some say that he got the name Kanaka as he found a treasure trove of gold.
In his work Mohana Tarangini, Kanaka has saluted Taataacharya a saint belonging to Srivaishnava sect which shows that initially he was influenced by Srivaishnava doctrines. Later fighting against the enemies of the state he was seriously wounded. While recouping, his mind was veered towards spirituality and the death of his mother, wife and child fully turned him into an ascetic. He came under the influence of Madhva saint Vyasaraya and accepted him as his guru.
As an ascetic Kanaka suffered poverty and misery. He travelled to places like Tirupati, Belur, Melkote, Malur, Srirangapatna, Sosale, Udupi composing keertanes and singing them and imparting moral and spiritual sermons to people. He denounced caste and class distinction and opined that they were no barriers to moksha for which Bhakti or devotion alone mattered. The futility of worldly attachment, hypocrisy of involving oneself in meaningless rituals and practices and the need to turn oneself towards god were the themes in Kanaka’s rendering.
Some of the works of Kanakadasa are Narasimha Stotra, Ramadhyana Mantra, Mohanatarangini, Nala Charite, Haribhaktisara, etc. The keertanas of Kanaka have the mudrika, Kaginele Aadi Keshava. Kanaka was a poet philosopher whose words had a rural flavor. Apart from songs, he also composed satirical works and riddles.
Belonging to the school of Bhakti, devotion acquires a supreme position in his works. But his poems also deal with various aspects of life. Some contain words of wisdom for the mankind in general, while others expose the hypocrisy prevailing in the society. In some of his songs he repents for the past wherein he spent his time in enjoyment of sensual pleasures and his helplessness to rein his senses. Many of his songs urge people to become aware of the transitory nature of worldly life and turn their attention towards God.
Kanaka shifted the image of Adikeshava from Baada to Kaginele and consecrated it under the presence of saint Vyasaraya. He also installed the image of Thimma Keshava at Kummuru and Chennakeshava at Ingalagondhi, about one km away from Kaginele. (Kummuru is four km away from Ingalagondhi)
Kanakadasa firmly believed that without the grace of God, attainment of the highest bliss was impossible. Nothing moves in this world except at this initiation and hence he pleads support from the Lord earnestly. He lived a long life of about ninety years and passed away at Kaginele. Kanakadasa was one of the most sublime thinkers of his age. He was a reformist, mystic and poet of high order.
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