write the political condition of india on the eve of turkish invasion? 10mark
Answers
Explanation:
The Medieval Period in India starts with the Turkish invasion. With the death of Harshvardhana, an era of feudalism rose in India. There was a lot of political disheveling in the north India and everyone was too busy capturing small kingdoms than to take notice of the aggressive invasion of the Turks. The Turkish invasion in India took place around the 11th century with the Mahmud of Ghazni raiding the country all the way from Afghanistan. He gained his victory against the Hindushahi kings of Peshawar. The next targets were the Muslim rulers of Multan.
Mahmud of Ghazni plundered India 17 times in a short time span of around 25 years and looted India off its wealth and resources. The areas around Gujarat and Kannauj were rich and prosperous and were looted mercilessly by Mahmud. This wealth helped him consolidate his hold and power over northern India. He made many palaces and mosques with the looted wealth in Ghazni located in central Asia. After plundering India many times, he finally died in Ghazni in 1030 A.D.
The Rajput kings were fighting among themselves for the possession of princely states during the 11th and 12th centuries. They seized every slight opportunity to engage wars against each other. This was also the time when Prithviraj rose to power and married the daughter of the king Jaichand of Kannauj by abducting her from the middle of her wedding. At this time, Mohammed Ghori was planning to invade India and the Rajput king thought he just wanted to loot India and go back. Thus, he decided to become an ally of Mohammed Ghori and help him defeat Prithviraj.
But when he came to know that Ghori wanted to establish a kingdom here, he half heartedly joined Prithviraj along with other Rajput kings and together they were able to defeat Mohammed Ghori. But Prithviraj let him go when Ghori appealed to him. However, the very next year the Afghans launched another attack on Prithviraj and defeated him badly at the war. Ghori however, did not set Prithviraj free and the kingdoms of Prithviraj went in the hands of Qutub-ud-din. With the conquest of Mohammed Ghori, India saw for the first time a proper dynastic rule.
Answer:
Concept :
The conflicts between the Caliphate's expansionist troops and the indigenous kingdoms of Gurjara and Pratihara, and later with the Chauhans of Delhi and Ajmer, helped to usher in the Age of Conflict around the 7th century, when Islam began to spread over Central Asia. Foreign invaders had been making their way to the Indian subcontinent for centuries in the frontier regions, particularly in the northwest. The Abbasid Caliphate started to fall by the ninth century CE. The Caliph only had ceremonial status once the Turkish government formed separate kingdoms. Alpatgin was one of them; its actual capital was Ghazni. Subuktigin, his heir and son-in-law, wished to annex India from the northwest. He managed to take Peshawer from Jayapal. But his raids had no long-lasting impact. His son Mahmood succeeded him. By the eleventh century, these newly converted Turks were pushing towards India.
Explanation:
- The Turkish invasion marks the beginning of the mediaeval era in India. With the passing of Harshvardhana, India entered a period of feudalism.
- The political situation in north India was quite chaotic, and everyone was preoccupied with acquiring tiny kingdoms rather than paying attention to the aggressive Turkish invasion.
- Around the year 11th century, the Mahmud of Ghazni, a raider from Afghanistan, launched a Turkish invasion of India.
- He earned his triumph against the Hindushahi lords of Peshawar. The Muslim leaders of Multan were the next targets.
- Mahmud of Ghazni pillaged India 17 times in a little period of about 25 years, plundering its wealth and resources. Mahmud pillaged Gujarat and Kannauj's surrounding regions, which were wealthy and successful.
- This wealth enabled him to strengthen his control and authority over northern India. With the money he stole, he built numerous palaces and mosques in Ghazni, a city in central Asia. He eventually passed away in Ghazni in 1030 A.D. after repeatedly pillaging India.
- During the 11th and 12th centuries, the Rajput monarchs fought one another for control of princely territories. They took advantage of every opportunity to start hostilities with one another.
- At this time, Prithviraj ascension to power saw him marry the Jaichand of Kannauj's daughter by kidnapping her in the midst of their wedding.
- The Rajput ruler believed Mohammed Ghori only intended to plunder India and leave at this time. However, Ghori was preparing to invade. He consequently made the decision to support Mohammed Ghori and aid him in defeating Prithviraj.
- However, when he learned that Mohammed Ghori sought to found an empire here, he reluctantly joined Prithviraj and other Rajput kings, and the two of them were able to overthrow Mohammed Ghori.
- But after hearing Ghori's plea, Prithviraj allowed him to leave. However, the Afghans attacked Prithviraj again the very next year, severely defeating him in battle.
- However, Ghori did not release Prithviraj, and Qutub-ud-din came into control of his kingdoms. India had real dynastic governance for the first time with the conquest of Mohammed Ghori.
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