Question

write the Preparation of Amines By ammonolysis of alkyl halides ​

Answer 1

Answer:

The reaction of ammonia with an alkyl halide leads to the formation of a primary amine. The primary amine that is formed can also react with the alkyl halide, which leads to a disubstituted amine that can further react to form a trisubstituted amine. Therefore, the alkylation of ammonia leads to a mixture of products.

Answer 2

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When alkyl halide is heated with alcoholic solution of excess ammonia it undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the halogen atom is replaced by an amino (-NH2) group to form primary amine. This process of breaking of C-X bond by ammonia is known as ammonolysis. The reaction is also known as alkylation of ammonia. The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube at 373 K. It may be noted that the primary amine obtained in the 1st step is stronger nucleophile than ammonia. Hence, it further reacts with alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary amines and finally quaternary ammonium salt if NH3 is not used in large excess.