write the R-code to find the logarithmic value of 100
Answers
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Logarithms and Exponentials
Description
log computes natural logarithms, log10 computes common (i.e., base 10) logarithms, and log2 computes binary (i.e., base 2) logarithms. The general form logb(x, base) computes logarithms with base base.
log1p(x) computes log(1+x) accurately also for |x| << 1 (and less accurately when x is approximately -1).
exp computes the exponential function.
expm1(x) computes exp(x) - 1 accurately also for |x| << 1.
Usage
log(x, base = exp(1))
logb(x, base = exp(1))
log10(x)
log2(x)
exp(x)
expm1(x)
log1p(x)
Arguments
x a numeric or complex vector.
base positive number. The base with respect to which logarithms are computed. Defaults to e=exp(1).
Details
exp and log are generic functions: methods can be defined for them individually or via the Math group generic.
log10 and log2 are only special cases, but will be computed more efficiently and accurately where supported by the OS.
Value
A vector of the same length as x containing the transformed values. log(0) gives -Inf (when available).
Note
log and logb are the same thing in R, but logb is preferred if base is specified, for S-PLUS compatibility.
References
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. (for log, \log10 and exp.)
Chambers, J. M. (1998) Programming with Data. A Guide to the S Language. Springer. (for logb.)
See Also
Trig, sqrt, Arithmetic.
Examples
log(exp(3))
log10(1e7)# = 7
x <- 10^-(1+2*1:9)
cbind(x, log(1+x), log1p(x), exp(x)-1, expm1(x))
Answer:
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Step-by-step explanation:
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