Write the reaction equation for the synthesis of amide Of Valeric acid.
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Gemfibrozil
Gemfibrozil, 2,2-dimethyl-5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)valeric acid (20.2.4), is synthesized either by hydrolysis of ethyl ester of 2,2-dimethyl-5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)valeric acid (20.2.3), which is synthesized by alkylation 2,2-dimethylvaleric acid ethyl ester with 3-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)propylbromide-1 in the presence of lithium diiso-propylamide, or by oxidation of the corresponding aldehyde (20.2.4) [9–11].
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From the chemical point of view, gemfibrozil is somewhat related to clofibrate and has analogous pharmacological use. The primary action of gemibrozil as well as clofibrate consists of a significant reduction in the level of very low-density proteins in the plasma and an increase in high-density protein formation. This drug is used for hyperlipoproteinemia that cannot be corrected by a special diet or by physical exertion. Synonyms of this drug are lopid, ipolipid, normolip, and others.
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Pyrolysis of Carboxylic Acids
Serban C. Moldoveanu, in Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules (Second Edition), 2019
Acetic Acid Homologs and Substituted Acetic Acids
Thermal decomposition of the homologs in the series of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, such as propionic acid, butyric acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid (isobutyric acid), valeric acid, isovaleric acid (3-methylbutanoic acid), etc., takes place by reactions similar to those of acetic acid, following two main initial reactions: dehydration and decarboxylation. The dehydration reaction can be written as follows:
(12.1.8)
━
R━COOH→RH+CO2
Depending on the temperature, heating time, and possible addition of catalysts, the hydrocarbon may continue the decomposition. The dehydration reaction of acids that would take place with the formation of a ketene is continued with the formation of CO and unsaturated hydrocarbons by the reaction:
(12.1.9)
The unsaturated hydrocarbons generated from the acid decomposition are mainly ethylene for propionic acid and a more complex mixture of unsaturated hydrocarbons for the other acids. The isolation of the individual ketenes is possible for some acids such as propionic acid, but it is not possible for other acids with larger molecules.
Thermal decomposition of longer chain acids, such as stearic, palmitic, myristic, or lauric, depends on temperature and heating time. At low temperatures between 250°C .