) Write the reaction of propasation of isopropyl alcohel fim (a) Alkyl halide (b) Alkene.`
Answers
Answer:
Around 3 billion people all over the world still cook using fuels such as wood, crop wastes, charcoal, coal, animal dung and kerosene. They cook over open fires or badly designed stoves. Most of these people are poor, and live in low- and middle-income countries.
2 The use of these fuels releases a range of harmful pollutants inside the homes of people. Soot particles, for example, penetrate deep into the lungs, inflame the airways, weaken the immune response of the body, and reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.
3. In poorly ventilated houses, indoor smoke can be 100 times higher than acceptable levels. Women, who spend the maximum time in the kitchen, are particularly at risk, and by extension, so are infants and little children. 4. It is estimated that close to 4 million people die prematurely every year from illnesses caused by household air pollution. The chart below shows
the percentage share of these illnesses in the deaths.
% SHARE OF ILLNESS IN DEATHS CAUSED BY HOUSEHOLD POLLUTION
Lung cancer
COPD*
8%
20%
Heart disease
Stroke
27%
18%
Pneumonia
27%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
0%
30%
*Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
5. Household air pollution not only causes these illnesses, it also makes people
more vulnerable to them. For example:
It almost doubles the risk of childhood pneumonia. In low- and middle-income countries, 25% of deaths from COPD is due to household air pollution.
12% of deaths due to stroke can be attributed to daily exposure to household air pollution.
17% of lung cancer deaths can be attributed to carcinogens present in the smoke caused by kerosene, wood, charcoal or coal.
6. There are other health concerns associated with household pollution. For example, links between household air pollution and tuberculosis, cataract and low birth weight of babies are now well known.
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Adapted from a WHO report