write the rules of reported speech with examples
Answers
Reported Speech
Use
When you report someone’s words you can do it in 2 ways:
Direct speech
1. You can use direct speech with quotation marks.
Example: He said: “I work in a bank.”
Reported speech
2. You can use reported speech.
Example: He said he worked in a bank.
The tenses, word-order, pronouns may be different from those in the direct speech sentence.
Direct speech: Jake said: I bought some DVDs.
Reported speech: Jake said that he bought some DVDs.
Simple Present
Simple present tense usually changes to the simple past in reported speech.
Examples: Direct speech Reported speech / Indirect speech
He says, "We are in London for the first time." Direct speech
He says (that) they are in London for the first time. Reported speech - Indirect speech
He says, "We were in London for the first time." Direct speech
He says (that) they were in London for the first time. Reported speech - Indirect speech
Simple Past
The simple past tense usually changes to the past perfect in reported speech.
Change of tenses
The tenses, word-order, pronouns may be different from those in the direct speech sentence. The Past Perfect Tense does not change in the Reported Speech.
Direct speech Reported speech
Ann said: "I want ice-cream." Ann said that she wanted ice-cream.
Simple Past Simple Present Simple Past
Simple Past Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect Past Perfect
Simple Past will would
Reported speech 'to be'
Simple Past am/is/are was/were
Simple Past was/were
have/has been
had been
had been
Questions - reported speech
"Do you like Jake?"
She asked me if/whether I liked Jake.
Questions with question words
“Who is your friend?”
She asked me who my friend was.
Commands - reported speech
“Sit down!” - The teacher told them to sit down.
“Drink a lot of tea!“ - He told us to drink a lot of tea.
Negatives
Ann said that she wanted coke.
Ann said that she didn`t want coke.
Tom said that he was ill.
Tom said that he wasn't ill.
Change of pronouns, date and place words
the change of tenses
the change of pronouns
the change of time and place words
Direct speech Reported speech - Indirect speech
Change of pronouns I
We
my
your
our
me
us
⇒ he/she
⇒ they
⇒ his/her
⇒ my
⇒ their
⇒ him/her
⇒ them
Change of place and time words here
today
this morning
yesterday
tomorrow
next week
next month ⇒ there
⇒ that day
⇒ that morning
⇒ the day before
⇒ the next day
⇒ the following week
⇒ the following month
Answer:
I don't know I don't know