Write the short note on the discovery of neutrons
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The discovery of the neutron and its properties was central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics that occurred in the first half of the 20th century. Early in the century, Ernest Rutherford developed a crude model for the atom,[1]:188 [2] based on the gold foil experiment of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. In this model, atoms had their massand positive electric charge concentrated in a very small nucleus.[3] By 1920 chemical isotopes had been discovered, the atomic masses had been determined to be integer multiples of the mass of the hydrogen atom,[4]and the atomic number had been identified as the charge on the nucleus.[5]:§1.1.2 Throughout the 1920s, the nucleus was viewed as composed of combinations of protons and electrons, the two elementary particles known at the time, but that model presented several experimental and theoretical contradictions.[1]:298
The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932[6] and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton.[7][8]:55
The uncharged neutron was immediately exploited as a new means to probe nuclear structure, leading to such discoveries as the creation of new radioactive elements by neutron irradiation (1934) and the fission of uranium atoms by neutrons (1938).[9] The discovery of fission led to the creation of both nuclear power and weapons by the end of World War II. Both the proton and neutron were presumed to be elementary particles until the 1960s when they were determined to be composite particles built from quarks.[10]
The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932[6] and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton.[7][8]:55
The uncharged neutron was immediately exploited as a new means to probe nuclear structure, leading to such discoveries as the creation of new radioactive elements by neutron irradiation (1934) and the fission of uranium atoms by neutrons (1938).[9] The discovery of fission led to the creation of both nuclear power and weapons by the end of World War II. Both the proton and neutron were presumed to be elementary particles until the 1960s when they were determined to be composite particles built from quarks.[10]
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☆ DISCOVERY OF NEUTRONS ☆
The electrons being particles having negligible mass and massive protons concentrated inside the nucleus, it could be predicted that the mass of an atom has to be equal to the total number of protons present in the atom . However , this was found to be true only in case of Hydrogen atom .
The difference in the predicted mass and actual mass of the atom has been found to be equal to the mass of the proton or multiples of the mass of the proton. These particles are supposed to have neutral charge since the atom is electrically neutral . They were called neutrons and they were discovered by James Chadwick by an experiment involving the bombardment of beryllium with alpha particles
Hope it helps you
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☆ DISCOVERY OF NEUTRONS ☆
The electrons being particles having negligible mass and massive protons concentrated inside the nucleus, it could be predicted that the mass of an atom has to be equal to the total number of protons present in the atom . However , this was found to be true only in case of Hydrogen atom .
The difference in the predicted mass and actual mass of the atom has been found to be equal to the mass of the proton or multiples of the mass of the proton. These particles are supposed to have neutral charge since the atom is electrically neutral . They were called neutrons and they were discovered by James Chadwick by an experiment involving the bombardment of beryllium with alpha particles
Hope it helps you
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