write the steps involved in distillation
Answers
The process of distillation begins with heating a liquid to boiling point. The liquid evaporates, forming a vapor. The vapor is then cooled, usually by passing it through pipes or tubes at a lower temperature. The cooled vapor then condenses, forming a distillate. The distillate is a purified form of the original liquid. When the liquid evaporates, many impurities are left behind, so they are not present in the distillate.
Chemists use distillation to purify compounds in solution or to separate mixtures of solutes. For example, different compounds have different boiling points. This property means that a more volatile compound will evaporate at a lower temperature than a less volatile compound.
Let's look at it this way: imagine you have a mixture of two compounds. If these compounds have different boiling points, you can separate them using distillation. The process takes advantage of substances readily changing their 'states of matter' from a liquid phase to a gas phaseand back to a liquid phase again.
The key step is to raise the temperature of the mixture to a point above that of the compound with the lower boiling point. But you also have to make sure it's below that of the compound with the higher boiling point. The compound with the lower boiling point will then evaporate, leaving behind the compound with the higher boiling point. If the vapor is then condensed, you're only going to have the compound with the lower boiling point, since you separated the two compounds.
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Distillation, or classical distillation, is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation. Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids). Dry distillation may involve chemical changes such as destructive distillation or cracking and is not discussed under this article. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components in the mixture. In either case, the process exploits differences in the relative volatility of the mixture's components. In industrial applications, distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance, but it is a physical separation process, not a chemical reaction.
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