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At least one earthquake happens somewhere in the world every day. On some days there are many
more. A few cause great damage and loss of life; some are felt only as slight shudders of the ground; many
more are so small that they cannot be felt at all. We know about them only because they are shown on a
seismograph- a delicate instrument which records movements of the ground. It has a small needle which
scratches a white line on a strip of black paper, which is going round on a drum. When everything is quite
still, the line is straight, but when the ground shakes the line becomes wiggly. A severe earthquake, even
though it is a long way away, makes large wiggles on the line.
Many earthquakes happen under the sea and they often cause great waves, called tsunamis. Tsunamis
are taller than a house and they race across the sea one after another at high speed. Ships in their path may be
wrecked and when the waves reach land, there may be flooding and enormous damage.
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Earthquakes regularly rattle our planet, striking somewhere in the world every hour of every day. Such events are the result of the slow-motion march of tectonic plates that build stresses in Earth’s crust and upper mantle. Eventually the stress hits a breaking point and releases in a ground-shaking quake that can send blocks of the Earth careening out of place
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