write the techniques for safe motherhood
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Answer:
Ensuring safe motherhood
Maternal Health situation in India
Ensuring safe motherhood
Common Causes of Maternal death
Antenatal care
Physical Examination
Nutrition in pregnancy
Workload, Rest and Sleep
Symptoms during pregnancy
Illness
Personal hygiene
Sex during pregnancy
Birth preparedness and complication readiness
Birth preparedness
Finances
Complications readiness
The woman should visit a 24 –hour PHC if she has any of the following conditions
Identification of transportation facilities
Preparedness for blood donation
During six weeks after delivery, the mother experiences a number of physical and emotional changes
Postpartum clinic visit
Diet and rest
Hygiene
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Pregnancy is the natural event in the life of women of reproductive age group. Pregnancy is the fertilization and development of one or more offspring, known as an embryo or foetus, in a woman's uterus. In a pregnancy, there can be multiple gestations, as in the case of twins or triplets. Childbirth usually occurs about 38 weeks after conception and in women who have a menstrual cycle length of four weeks, this is approximately 40 weeks from the start of the last normal menstrual period (LNMP). Conception can be achieved through sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology. Pregnancy is the most important phase in women’s life. There is lot of concern to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality.
Maternal Health situation in India
Each year in India, roughly 30 million women experience pregnancy and 26 million have a live birth. Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth or within 6 weeks after birth. With an estimated 45,000 deaths per annum, India contributes to a majority of maternal mortality burden in the region.
Maternal mortality statistics generally covers the following
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) - MMR refers to the number of women who die as a result of complications of pregnancy or childbearing in a given year per 100,000 live births in that year.
Maternal Mortality Rate - Maternal Mortality Rate is defined as the number of maternal deaths to women in the ages 15-49 per lakh of women in that age group.
Life time Risk - Life time risk is defined as the probability that, one women of reproductive age (15-49) will die due to child birth or puerperium assuming that chance of death is uniformly distributed across the entire reproductive span.
Maternal mortality ratio, an important indicator of maternal health in India is estimated to be 174 per 100,000 live births (World Health Statistics (WHS) 2016). In order to further improve maternal and newborn health by reducing mortality and morbidity related to pregnancy and child birth, it is essential to build continuum of care that increases access to and use of skilled care during pregnancy, birth and the post partum period.
Ensuring safe motherhood
Safe motherhood means ensuring that all women have access to the information and services they need to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth. It includes:
Education on safe motherhood
Prenatal care (care during pregnancy) and counseling with focus on high risk pregnancies
Promotion of maternal nutrition
Adequate delivery assistance in all cases
Provisions for obstetric emergencies including referral services for pregnancy, childbirth and abortion complications
Postnatal care (care after child birth)
Common Causes of Maternal death
The main causes of maternal mortality may be divided into 3 categories-social, medical and availability of health care facilities.
Social causes
Medical causes (pregnancy related complications)
Availability of health care facilities
Early marriage and Pregnancy
Repeated child birth
Preference for sons
Anemia
Lack of information about danger signs and symptoms
Delay in referral
Obstructed labour
Hemorrhage(antenatal during labour and postnatal)
Toxemia
Infection or sepsis
Lack of essential supplies and trained health personnel at the centers
Non sympathetic attitude of health personnel.
Deficient medical treatment of complications
Inadequate action taken by medical personnel
Answer:
Explanation:
age at marriage, age at first childbirth, ANC check-up, diet, work during pregnancy, use of Iron tablet and TT immunization, place of delivery and, postnatal check-up.