Question

Write the three main observation of Rutherford's Model of atom. What did the Rutherford conclude from these observations?
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Answer 1

Observations of Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment

The observations made by Rutherford led him to conclude that:

A major fraction of the α-particles bombarded towards the gold sheet passed through it without any deflection, and hence most of the space in an atom is empty.

Some of the α-particles were deflected by the gold sheet by very small angles, and hence the positive charge in an atom is not uniformly distributed. The positive charge in an atom is concentrated in a very small volume.

Very few of the α-particles were deflected back, that is only a few α-particles had nearly 180o angle of deflection. So the volume occupied by the positively charged particles in an atom is very small as compared to the total volume of an atom.

Rutherford Atomic Model

Based on the above observations and conclusions, Rutherford proposed the atomic structure of elements. According to the Rutherford atomic model:

The positively charged particles and most of the mass of an atom was concentrated in an extremely small volume. He called this region of the atom as a nucleus.

Rutherford model proposed that the negatively charged electrons surround the nucleus of an atom. He also claimed that the electrons surrounding the nucleus revolve around it with very high speed in circular paths. He named these circular paths as orbits.

Electrons being negatively charged and nucleus being a densely concentrated mass of positively charged particles are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction.

Answer 2

Structure of Atom

Rutherford’s Model of an Atom

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We know a structure of an atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons. This was accurately presented after several scientists came up with different models. The classic model of an atom was given by Ernest Rutherford called the Rutherford atomic model or Rutherford model of the atom. However, it is not considered the accurate representation of an atom anymore. Let us know more about this model. Rutherford Atomic Model

Rutherford proposed that an atom is composed of empty space mostly with electrons orbiting in a set, predictable paths around fixed, positively charged nucleus.