write the three names of any three groups of antibodies.
Answers
Antibodies are the proteins released in response to the antigen. It is a large Y-shaped protein produced by plasma cells that are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects. The three main functions of antibodies are:
1. Agglutination of particulate matter, including bacteria and viruses,
2. Opsonisation or coating over bacteria to facilitate recognition and phagocytosis by the phagocytes and
3. Neutralization of toxins released by bacteria.
Two light chains and heavy chains joined by the disulfide bond form the antibody.
It is a Y-shaped structure, which also has a variable region and a constant region.
The types of antibodies are:
IgG: it consists of 70–75% of all human immunoglobulins. It can cross the placenta barrier. It is responsible for passive immunity.
IgM: It is the most significant antibody. It is the first one to be synthesized in response to an antigen or microbe.
IgA: It is present in serum, nasal mucus, saliva, breast milk, and intestinal fluid. It consists of 10- 15 % of all the immunoglobulins.
IgE: It is mainly linked with allergic reactions.
IgD: It functions as a B cell antigen receptor and also its maturation.