- Write the types of flower on the basis of
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Answers
Answer:
When examining a flower you will see that the flower parts can be arranged in different ways. Cutting a flower in longitudinally often helps to see the position of the ovary relative to the other flower parts.
Flower types are based on the position of the ovary in a flower.
There are three categories: hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous.
(a) hypogynous, if sepals, petals and stamens are attached to the receptacle below the ovary. The ovary in this case is said to be superior. Examples you may be familiar with include the flowers of tomato, tulip, and snapdragon.
3floralvar-hypogynous
Illustration of a longitudinal section through a hypogynous flower.
(b) perigynous, if sepals, petals and stamens are fused at the base to form a cup-shaped structure called a hypanthium which is inserted beneath the ovary. The ovary in this case is still superior. You will see an example later in this section of the website (cherry, Prunus).
3floralvar-perigynous
Illustration of a longitudinal section through a perigynous flower.
(c) epigynous, if sepals, petals and stamens arise from the top of the ovary, or from a hypanthium inserted above the ovary. The ovary of an epigynous flower is inferior. An example from lab was the daffodil. The daffodil has a hypanthium as well.
3floralvar-epigynous
Illustration of a longitudinal section through an epigynous flower.
Placentation
Placentation refers to how the ovules are attached in the ovary. The cartoon below demonstrates the diversity of placentation types.
3floralvar-placentation types
Placentation Types
We will examine two types of placentation. Parietal placentation is when the ovules are attached to the ovary wall, or to projections from the wall.
3floralvar-parietal placentation xs
Cross-Section through an ovary with parietal placentation
Axile placentation (right) is when the ovules are attached to a central column.
3floralvar-axile placentation xs
Cross-Section Through an Ovary With Axile Placentation
Floral Variation
The following pictures are to demonstrate some of the diversity in flower structure. You can apply the terms you have just learned. Variation does not only occur in the structure of individual flowers, but also their arrangement. Some flowers are solitary while others are clustered. The arrangement of flowers on a flower stalk is called the “inflorescence type”. There are many different finflorescence types which are beyond the scope of this course, but interesting none-the-less.
3floralvar-Tulip from top
Tulipa (tulip) Flower, View from the Top
Explanation:
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