Write the uses of soil according to their types
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Answer:
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Earth's body of soil, called the pedosphere, has four important functions:
as a medium for plant growth
as a means of water storage, supply and purification
as a modifier of Earth's atmosphere
as a habitat for organisms
All of these functions, in their turn, modify the soil.
The pedosphere interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.[1] The term pedolith, used commonly to refer to the soil, translates to ground stone in the sense "fundamental stone".[2] Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution).[3][4][5] Accordingly, soil scientists can envisage soils as a three-state system of solids, liquids, and gases.[6]
Soil is a product of several factors: the influence of climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and the soil's parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time.[7] It continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion. Given its complexity and strong internal connectedness, soil ecologists regard soil as an ecosystem.[8]
Most soils have a dry bulk density (density of soil taking into account voids when dry) between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm3, while the soil particle density is much higher, in the range of 2.6 to 2.7 g/cm3.[9] Little of the soil of planet Earth is older than the Pleistocene and none is older than the Cenozoic,[10] although fossilized soils are preserved from as far back as the Archean.[11]
Soil science has two basic branches of study: edaphology and pedology. Edaphology studies the influence of soils on living things.[12] Pedology focuses on the formation, description (morphology), and classification of soils in their natural environment.[13] In engineering terms, soil is included in the broader concept of regolith, which also includes other loose material that lies above the bedrock, as can be found on the Moon and on other celestial objects as well.[14] Soil is also commonly referred to as earth or dirt; some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil.[15]
The twelve soil orders begin with Gelisols soils that populate the frozen regions of the world and contain permafrost with 2 mm of the surface. In their frozen state, this soil type is sensitive to human activities and has no practical applications. Histosols, used for fuel and horticultural products, are full of organic materials and typically referred to as peat and muck. Spodosols soils support coniferous forests with cool, moist climates.
Andisols form in volcanic ash or debris from a volcano. Properties include the ability to retain water and remove large amounts of phosphorus to keep them from plants. Oxisols represent highly weathered soils rich in iron and aluminum oxides. When amended with lime and fertilizers, plants can thrive in them. Vertisols, soils rich with clay, swell with moisture and shrink when dry. Potters use clay soils to form earthenware, porcelain and other kitchenware, and when amended and irrigated properly, some plants thrive in them.
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