write the working of file transfer protocol
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Answer:
FTP may run in active or passive mode, which determines how the data connection is established.[5] (Note, somewhat confusingly, this sense of "mode" is different from that of the MODE command in the FTP protocol, and actually corresponds to the PORT/PASV/EPSV/etc commands instead.) In both cases, the client creates a TCP control connection from a random, usually an unprivileged, port N to the FTP server command port 21.
In active mode, the client starts listening for incoming data connections from the server on port M. It sends the FTP command PORT M to inform the server on which port it is listening. The server then initiates a data channel to the client from its port 20, the FTP server data port.
In situations where the client is behind a firewall and unable to accept incoming TCP connections, passive mode may be used. In this mode, the client uses the control connection to send a PASV command to the server and then receives a server IP address and server port number from the server,[5] which the client then uses to open a data connection from an arbitrary client port to the server IP address and server port number received.[6]
ғᴛᴘ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀs ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴜsᴇ ᴛᴏ ғᴀᴄɪʟᴀᴛᴇ ғɪʟᴇ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴇʀ ᴀᴄʀᴏss ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴛᴇʀɴᴇᴛ. ɪғ ᴜ sᴇɴᴅ ғɪʟᴇs ᴜsɪɴɢ ғᴛᴘ , ғɪʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴇɪᴛʜᴇʀ ᴜᴘʟᴏᴀᴅᴇᴅ ᴏʀ ᴅᴏᴡɴʟᴏᴀᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴛᴘ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀ. ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴜᴘʟᴏᴀᴅɪɴɢ ғɪʟᴇs, ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴇʀᴇᴅ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴᴀʟ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴜᴛᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀ. ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴅᴏᴡɴʟᴏᴀᴅᴇᴅ ғɪʟᴇs, ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴇʀʀᴇᴅ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ʏᴏᴜʀ ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴᴀʟ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴜᴛᴇʀ.
ғᴛᴘ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀs ᴄᴀɴ ʙᴇ ᴄᴏɴsɪᴅᴇʀᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪᴅᴘᴏɪɴᴛ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇɴᴅᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇᴄᴇᴘᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴀ ғɪʟᴇ. ғᴏʀ ғᴛᴘ sᴇʀᴠᴇs ᴛᴏ ᴡᴏʀᴋ, ʏᴏᴜ ɴᴇᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀ ᴀᴅᴅʀᴇss.
ɪ ᴀᴍ ɢɪᴠɪɴɢ ᴀɴ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ ᴏғ ᴡʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜɪs ᴀᴅᴅʀᴇss ʟᴏᴏᴋs ʟɪᴋᴇ. "ғᴛᴘ. ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀɴʏ. ɴᴇᴛ". sᴏᴍᴇᴛɪᴍᴇs ᴛʜᴇ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀ ᴀᴅᴅʀᴇssᴇs ᴡɪʟʟ ʙᴇ ɢɪᴠᴇɴ ᴀs ᴀ ɴᴜᴍᴇʀɪᴄ ᴀᴅᴅʀᴇss ʟɪᴋᴇ " 12.345.678.90" .
ᴅᴇᴘᴇɴᴅɪɴɢ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇ ᴏʏ ғᴛᴘ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀ ᴜ ᴜsᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟ ᴏғ sᴇᴄᴜʀɪᴛʏ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪs ɴᴇᴇᴅᴇᴅ, ʏᴏᴜ ᴍᴀʏ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴛᴏ ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ ᴀ ᴜsᴇʀ ɴᴀᴍᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴀssᴡᴏʀᴅ. sᴏᴍᴇ ғᴛᴘ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀs ᴀʟʟᴏᴡ ғᴏʀ ᴀɴᴏɴʏᴍᴏᴜs ᴄᴏɴɴᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴅᴏsᴇ ɴᴏᴛ ʀᴇǫᴜɪʀᴇᴅ ᴜ ᴛᴏ ᴇɴᴛᴇʀ ᴀ ɴᴀᴍᴇ ᴏʀ ᴘᴀssᴡᴏʀᴅ ᴛᴏ ɢᴀɪɴ ᴀᴄᴄᴇss.