Question

Write three features of Rutheeford's model of atom and give any two limitation of Rutherford's model of atom.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Rutherford Atomic Model – The plum pudding model is given by J. J. Thomson failed to explain certain experimental results associated with the atomic structure of elements. Ernest Rutherford, a British scientist ,  conducted an experiment and based on the observations of this experiment, he proposed the atomic structure of elements and gave Rutherford Atomic Model.

Rutherford's Model =

1)The positively charged particles and most of the mass of an atom was concentrated in an extremely small volume. He called this region of the atom as a nucleus.

2)Rutherford model proposed that the negatively charged electrons surround the nucleus of an atom. He also claimed that the electrons surrounding the nucleus revolve around it with very high speed in circular paths. He named these circular paths as orbits.

3)Electrons being negatively charged and nucleus being a densely concentrated mass of positively charged particles are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction.

Limitations =

Rutherford proposed that the electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed paths called orbits. According to Maxwell, accelerated charged particles emit electromagnetic radiations and hence an electron revolving around the nucleus should emit electromagnetic radiation. This radiation would carry energy from the motion of the electron which would come at the cost of shrinking of orbits. Ultimately the electrons would collapse in the nucleus. Calculations have shown that as per the Rutherford model, an electron would collapse in the nucleus in less than 10-8 seconds. So Rutherford model was not in accordance with Maxwell’s theory and could not explain the stability of an atom.

One of the drawbacks of the Rutherford model was also that he did not say anything about the arrangement of electrons in an atom which made his theory incomplete.

Although the early atomic models were inaccurate and failed to explain certain experimental results, they were the base for future developments in the world of quantum mechanics.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Rutherford atom model:

• According to this model,The entire positive charge and most of the mass of atom is concentrated at the centre of the atom called "nucleus".
• The electrons in the atom are revolving around the nucleus in a circular orbits similar to planets revolve around the sun.
• Most of the space in atom is empty.
• The size of the nucleus is very small when compared to size of the atom.

Limitations:

• This model could not explain the line spectra of the atoms.
• this model failed to explain the stability of atom.
• And it couldn't explain the electron structure of the atom.

Explanation:

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