Write three ways in which microorganism are useful to us and three ways in which they are harmful
Answers
Useful bacteria
Bacteria have long been used by humans to create food products such as cheese, yoghurt, pickles, soy sauce and vinegar. We are also able to use bacteria to break down our sewage and to clean up oil spills.
Escherichia coli bacteria
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a rod-shaped bacterium that lives in the gut of warm-blooded animals. It is a crucial tool in modern biotechnology and often used in molecular biology laboratories due to its ease of culture and rapid growth. Scientists use E. coli to work with DNA and proteins from other organisms. It is a normally harmless bacteria that lives in the lower intestine though some strains of this bacterium can cause infection of the intestine, urinary tract and other parts of the body.
Many bacteria are very fast growing – under ideal conditions, Escherichia coli (E. Coli) are able to double their number in 20 minutes. This makes them very useful tools in molecular biology and biochemistry, as they can be manipulated much faster than more complex and slower growing organisms. We can manipulate bacteria to grow a protein of interest, for example, insulin, and then grow them in large vats to produce a large quantity of the desired protein.
Harmful bacteria
Only a small handful of known bacteria are capable of causing disease. These bacteria are termed pathogenic.
Pseudomonas bacteria
Pseudomonas bacteria have some natural resistance to antibiotics, which is made worse by some drug treatments. They are a common hospital-acquired infection and will infect wounds and the respiratory tract.
To cause disease, the bacteria must invade the cells of a living organism. Most bacteria will not invade another living organism, and many more bacteria are rendered harmless by our immune systems, while others, such as gut bacteria, are beneficial.
In many developing countries, poor hygiene, limited access to clean water and poor (or no) sewage treatment leads to huge numbers of deaths from bacterial infections such as those that cause dysentery.
What is an immune response?
Dr Mattie Timmer describes immune response as any action that your body takes against invading objects or microorganisms.
The advent of antibiotics like penicillin has greatly reduced the number of deaths due to bacterial infections. However, increased use of antibiotics in many western countries has led to the adaptation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can lead to outbreaks of so-called ‘super bugs’, such as Multi-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Scientists now believe that humans require contact with bacteria at an early age in order to ‘educate’ our immune systems between good and bad bacteria. The scientists believe that western societies’ obsession with antibacterial products has increased our chances of developing immune-related conditions such as asthma, allergies and eczema.
1. lactic acid bacteria is used in making curd.
2. They are used in making anti-biotics.
3. Also they use as Nitrogen fixation in plants
Three Harms:
1.They causes diseases.
2.Such micro organism like Cyanobacteria grows on fresh water and drains oxygen from it by this they harm aquatic life.
3.Some micro organism like denitrobacter reverse the process of nitration fixation this by harm plants.
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