Question

Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.


1. Percernt by volume concentration are often used for solutions with a liquid dissolved in another liquid.

2. Vinegar is a mixture of about 5ml of acetic acid in 95ml of water. Therefore, the acetic acid is the solvent, and the water is the solute.

3. In isopropyl alcohol, the higher the percentage, the greater the evaporation rate, meaning that it dries faster.

4. The fragrance of perfume or PARFUM is always dependent on a greater amount of fixatives and solvents.

5. In alcoholic beverages, it is more intoxicating if there is a higher concentration of alcohol.


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Answer 1

Answer ⤵️

Expressing Concentrations of Solutions

A complete description of a solution states what the solute is and how much solute is dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution. The quantitative relationship between solute and solvent is the concentration of the solution. This concentration may be expressed using several different methods, as discussed next.

A. Concentration by Mass

The concentration of a solution may be given as the mass of solute in a given amount of solution, as in the following statements: The northern part of the Pacific Ocean contains 35.9 g salt in each 1000 g seawater. The North Atlantic Ocean has a higher salt concentration, 37.9 g salt/1000 g seawater.

B. Concentration by Percent

The concentration of a solution is often expressed as percent concentration by mass or percent by volume of solute in solution. Percent by mass is calculated from the mass of solute in a given mass of solution. A 5%-by-mass aqueous solution of sodium chloride contains 5 g sodium chloride and 95 g water in each 100 g solution.

Percent by mass = mass of solute

mass of solution X 100%

Example:

How many grams of glucose and of water are in 500 g of a 5.3% by-mass glucose solution

Solution

We know that 5.3% of the solution is glucose:

The remainder of the 500 g is water:

If both solute and solvent are liquids, the concentration may be expressed as percent by volume. Both ethyl alcohol and water are liquids; the concentration of alcohol-water solutions is often given as percent by volume. For example, a 95% solution of ethyl alcohol contains 95 mL ethyl alcohol in each 100 mL solution.

Percent by volume = volume of solute

volume of solution X 100%

Example:

Rubbing alcohol is an aqueous solution containing 70% isopropyl alcohol by volume. How would you prepare 250 mL rubbing alcohol from pure isopropyl alcohol?

Solution

We know that 70% of the volume is isopropyl alcohol:

To prepare the solution, enough water is added to 175 mL isopropyl alcohol to form 250 mL solution.:

Answer 2

• 1. Per cent by volume concentration is often used for solutions with a liquid dissolved in another liquid. True

• 2. Vinegar is a mixture of about 5ml of acetic acid in 95ml of water. Therefore, acetic acid is the solvent, and water is the solute. False because here water is a solvent and acetic acid is a solute.

• 3. In isopropyl alcohol, the higher the percentage, the greater the evaporation rate, meaning that it dries faster. False

• 4. The fragrance of perfume or PARFUM is always dependent on a greater amount of fixatives and solvents. True

• 5. In alcoholic beverages, it is more intoxicating if there is a higher concentration of alcohol. False