Question

Write two Conditions for orthogonality of two intersecting curves ?

Answer 1

Angle Between Two Curves

Let there be two curves y = f1(x) and y = f2(x) which intersect each other at point (x1, y1). If we draw tangents to these curves at the intersecting point, the angle between these tangents, is called the angle between two curves.

Let m1 = (df1 (x))/dx |(x=x1) and m2 = (df2 (x))/dx |(x=x1)

And both m1 and m2 are finite.

The acute angle between the curves is given by

θ = tan-1 |(m1-m2)/(1+m1 m2 )|

Important note  Note:  (p - q) is also an angle between lines.

If m1 (or m2) is infinity the angle is given by θ = |π/2-θ1 | where

θ1 = tan-1 m2 (or tan-1 m1)

In the figure given below, f is the angle between the two curves,which is given by

f = Ψ1 - Ψ2

=> tanΦ = tan (Ψ1 - Ψ2)

= (tan Ψ1-tan Ψ2)/(1+tan Ψ1 tan Ψ2 ),

where tan Ψ1 = f'(x1) and tan Ψ2 = g'(x1).

Two curves are said to cut each other orthogonally if the angle between them is a right angle, that is, if f = 90o, in which case we will have,

tanΨ1 tanΨ2 = -1.

Two curves touch each other if the angle between the tangents to the curves at the point of intersection is 0o, in which case we will have,

tanΨ1 = tanΨ2

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