Write two points of difference between nuclear region of bacterial cell and animal cell.
Answers
Explanation:
Two points of difference between nuclear region of bacteria cell and animal cell
1) The nuclear is not well defined in bacteria. And are called nucleoid.
2) The nuclear membrane is absent.
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Bacterial and animal cell are two kinds of living cells found in nature. Bacterial cells belong to the kingdom: Monera and animal cells belong to the kingdom: animalia. Since bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells, they do not membrane-bound organelles. All the cellular contents are openly accessible within the cytoplasm in prokaryotes. Animal cells consist of membrane-bound organelles such as nucleus and mitochondria. This is the main difference between bacterial cell and animal cell.
Bacterial cells are prokaryotes, which can be considered as simple, unicellular microorganisms. They are lacking membrane-bound organelles like nucleus and mitochondria. Bacteria are found in habitats such as soil, water, acidic hot springs, deep portions of Earth’s crust and radioactive waste. They live in either symbiotic or parasitic relationships with plants and animals. By attaching to surfaces, bacteria form dense aggregations like a mat. These bacterial mats are called biofilms.
Cellular Structure of Bacterial Cell
Bacterial cells are 0.2 to 2 µm in size. The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane. The membrane-enclosed cytoplasm contains nutrients, proteins, DNA and other essential components of the cell. Small 70S ribosomes are present for the protein synthesis. Protein localization is carried out by their primitive cytoskeleton. A single, circular chromosome is found in the nucleoid. This simple arrangement of bacteria is referred to as ‘bacterial hyperstructures’.
Murein forms a cell wall outside the bacterial cell membrane. The cell wall provides protection to the cell, maintains the shape and prevents the cell from dehydration. The thicker cell wall is classified as gram-positive and the thinner cell wall is classified as gram-negative in the gram staining of bacteria. Flagella are used for the mobility of the cell. The entire cell is covered by glycocalyx which forms the capsule.
Some genera of gram-positive bacteria form a resistant, dormant structures called endospores. Endospores contain some parts of the cytoplasm, DNA and ribosomes covered by a cortex. They are resistant to radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure and desiccation. Bacterial cells reproduce asexually by binary fission and sexually by conjugation. A generalized structure of a gram-positive bacterial cell is shown in figure 1.
Difference Between Bacterial Cell and Animal Cell
Figure 1: Generalized gram-positive bacterial cell.
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