Question

Write types and causes of water pollution.

Answer 1

Types of Water PollutionSurface Water Pollution

When hazardous substances come in contact with different sources of water, it leads to surface water pollution. The harmful contaminants from different sources mix or physically dissolve with lakes, lagoons, oceans and lead to surface water pollution.

Ground Water Pollution

Pesticides and chemicals applied on crops and soil are washed deep into the ground when it rains. The pesticides mix with underground water and lead to ground water pollution.

Suspended Matter Pollution

In this type of pollution, the pollutants enter into water and don’t mix with the water molecules. The suspended particles in water form a silt on the waterbed that remove the nutrients from water and make it polluted.

Microbial Pollution

A natural form of water pollution, microorganisms cause this type of water pollution. Most of the microorganisms. Though most of the microorganisms are harmless, however some bacteria and viruses may cause serious health problems.

Chemical Water Pollution

Many industries and farmers use chemicals when working which end up polluting water that we use. Pollutants used to control weeds, insects and pests leech into water and lead to pollution. In addition, metals and solvents from industries also lead to water pollution.

Causes of Water Pollution:Causes of water pollutionSewage

Disposing sewage in water is one of the major reasons of water pollution. Sewage disposed into the sea from households as well as factories can cause water pollution. Sewage disposal lead to a number of water-related illnesses such as diarrhea which is a leading cause of death among children.

Industrial Waste

Many factories and manufacturers pour industrial waste such as toxic chemicals into the water bodies before treatment which leads to water pollution. As a result of dumping toxic chemicals, the oxygen levels in water decreases leading to pollution.

Dumping of Solid Waste

Another major reason of water pollution is littering by humans. Dumping solid waste such as plastics, cardboards, Styrofoam contaminate water and make water unsuitable for consumption. Mass dumping of solid waste clog the water bodies and lead to water pollution.

Radioactive Wastes

Discharging of radioactive wastes (waste fuel that comes from nuclear power plants) into the sea is also one of the water pollution causes. High concentrations of radioactive wastes can lead to a number of health problems such as cancer and other serious illnesses.

Those were only some of the causes of water pollution. In addition to the sources mentioned above, there are many other reasons that contaminate water and lead to a number of health problems. Now, that we have understood about the causes, let us study about the effects of water pollution as well. This will help you comprehend, the consequences of water contamination.

Effects of Water PollutionGroundwater contamination

Pesticides and fertilizers used for the cultivation of crops and vegetables contaminate the groundwater, which damages the ecosystem. This can also pollute the nearby lands and water when it rains, as rain water washes these chemicals which is soaked by groundwater or takes them to marine areas. If this groundwater is supplied to your home through bore-wells or tube-wells, it can lead to a number of health problems.

Affects Aquatic Life

Solid wastes that we throw in the river/lakes or in sea can have an impact on the aquatic animals. This not only disrupts the eco-system as many species of aquatic animals are in danger of extinction. People who consume sea food are also at a risk of facing health issues when they consume the contaminated food items.

High TDS in water

Water is a best solvent which easily dissolves a variety of substances. The amount of dissolved solids present in water determine whether water is suitable for consumption. The TDS level in water needs to be less than 500 mg/litre to make it suitable for consumption. Presence of high amount of TDS can lead to a number of health problems in human beings.

Also Read: Is Borewell water safe to drink?

Preventive Measures to Control Water Pollution:Stop dispatching of wastes into the water body.Levy penalty on the industries that dispose wastes into natural water.Follow proper methods to protect the rivers, lakes and seas and ensure that no wastes/debris are dumped to prevent contamination.Create awareness to ensure that they understand the adverse impact of water pollution.Avoid throwing recycled materials on water/river and keep the marine surroundings clean.Educate the people to create a culture of responsibility to reduce the disposal of wastes
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Answer 2

Here are the types of water pollution-
1. Nutrients Pollution
Some wastewater, fertilizers and sewage contain high levels of nutrients. If they end up in water bodies, they encourage algae and weed growth in the water. This will make the water undrinkable, and even clog filters. Too much algae will also use up all the oxygen in the water, and other water organisms in the water will die out of oxygen starvation.

2. Surface water pollution
Surface water includes natural water found on the earth's surface, like rivers, lakes, lagoons and oceans. Hazardous substances coming into contact with this surface water, dissolving or mixing physically with the water can be called surface water pollution.

3. Oxygen Depleting
Water bodies have micro-organisms. These include aerobic and anaerobic organisms. When too much biodegradable matter (things that easily decay) end up in water, it encourages more microorganism growth, and they use up more oxygen in the water. If oxygen is depleted, aerobic organisms die, and anaerobic organisms grow more to produce harmful toxins such as ammonia and sulfides.


4. Ground water pollution
When humans apply pesticides and chemicals to soils, they are washed deep into the ground by rainwater. This gets to underground water, causing pollution underground. 

This means when we dig wells and bore holes to get water from underground, it needs to be checked for ground water pollution.

5. Microbiological
In many communities in the world, people drink untreated water (straight from a river or stream). Sometimes there is natural pollution caused by microorganisms like viruses, bacteria and protozoa. This natural pollution can cause fishes and other water life to die. They can also cause serious illness to humans who drink from such waters.

6. Suspended Matter
Some pollutants (substances, particles and chemicals) do not easily dissolve in water. This kind of material is called particulate matter. Some suspended pollutants later settle under the water body. This can harm and even kill aquatic organisms that live at the bottom of water bodies.

7. Chemical Water Pollution
Many industries and farmers work with chemicals that end up in water. This is common with Point-source Pollution. These include chemicals that are used to control weeds, insects and pests. Metals and solvents from industries can pollute water bodies. These are poisonous to many forms of aquatic life and may slow their development, make them infertile and kill them.

8. Oil Spillage
Oil spills usually have only a localized effect on wildlife but can spread for miles. The oil can cause the death to many fish and get stuck to the feathers of seabirds causing them to lose their ability to fly. 

Do you remember the BP Oil spill in 2010? (Read about it here) Over 1,000 animals (birds, turtles, mammals) were reported dead, including many already on the endangered species list. Of the animals affected by the spill, only about 6% have been reported cleaned, but many biologists and other scientists predict they will die too from the stress caused by the pollution.